Towards Just Renovation: Calibrated Digital Twins for Energy-Vulnerable Residential Buildings

Abstract

Energy poverty, which remains a persistent challenge across Europe, is mainly driven by inefficient buildings, low incomes and high energy costs. In Spain, recent data show that more than one-fifth of households are unable to maintain adequate indoor temperatures, evidencing the need for an improved understanding of real energy consumption patterns and the design of effective renovation strategies. This study contributes to addressing this gap by developing calibrated digital twins of residential buildings to assess deep energy renovation scenarios in vulnerable contexts. The research focuses on multi-family residential blocks in Madrid, specifically in the district of Vallecas. [...]