Recurso previo de inconstitucionalidad

Abstract

El recurso previo de constitucionalidad en la historia del constitucionalismo español, ha vivido diversas etapas. Incorporado al sistema de control constitucional a través de la Ley Orgánica 2/1979, se eliminó en 1985 debido al mal uso en la práctica. La Ley Orgánica 12/2015 ha recuperado el recurso previo contra proyectos de Estatutos de Autonomía y su modificación. Si bien el recurso previo en su primera concepción se utilizó con una finalidad obstructiva, por la suspensión del procedimiento legislativo, hay lesiones consitutcionales cuya magnitud puede justificar la necesidad de usar este tipo de recurso contro un tipo de leyes determinadas, con el fin de garantizar la defensa de la Constitución. Para poder valorar si esa recuperación es necesaria, se deben analizar los caracteres propios del recurso previo, además de estudiar los factores que provocaron su incorporación, derogación y recuperación.

The history of the prior examination of the constitutionality of the law before the law enter into force in Spain has gone through a lot of stages since the Constitution came into force in 1978. The option of the prior examination of the law was incorporated into the spanish legal system by passing the Organic Act 2/1979. However, an incorrect use of the instrument caused it elimination in 1985. With the implementation of Organic Act 12/2015 the prior examination has been reinstated only for Statutes of Autonomy and their amendment. Even though the original form of the tool was used with obstructive purposes, since it interrupted the legislative procedure, there are certain types of attacks on the Constitution of a magnitude that may justitify the convenience of using such an instrument for certain type of laws, so that the supremacy of the Constitution is not damaged. In order to asses if the restoration of the prior examination of the constitutionality of such laws is neccesary, one must analyse the instrument and its charactarestics, as well as study the motives which caused its incorporation, derogation and restoration.