Central solar híbrida CSP/PV integrada mediante bomba de calor de alta temperatura basada en ciclo inverso de Brayton con CO2 supercrítico

Abstract

Las centrales termosolares son aquellas centrales termoeléctricas en las cuales se genera electricidad a partir de la energía recogida en un fluido que se calienta mediante un campo solar que concentra la radiación solar sobre un receptor, que puede ser lineal o puntual. Existen diferentes tecnologías termosolares, siendo las dos más desarrolladas las centrales de receptor central con campo de heliostatos y las de receptores cilindroparabólicos. Las primeras obtienen mayores rendimientos, pero su coste es mayor. En este proyecto se propone una configuración novedosa de planta termosolar híbrida de receptores cilindro-parabólicos. La hibridación se realiza con energía fotovoltaica, y difiere de las actuales en que ésta se integra alimentando una bomba de calor, que permite elevar la temperatura del aceite térmico de los colectores, aumentando por tanto el rendimiento de la planta, al ofrecer al ciclo de potencia una temperatura equivalente a la que se obtendría mediante un receptor central. El uso de colectores cilindro-parabólicos abarata el coste frente a las centrales de receptor central. Tanto el ciclo de potencia como la bomba de calor se basan en los ciclos Brayton de CO2 supercrítico, lo que mejora los rendimientos frente a los ciclos Rankine. El objetivo final es mantener un rendimiento similar al de las centrales de receptor central pero con menores costes.

Solar thermal power plants are those thermal power plants in which electricity is generated from the energy collected in a fluid that is heated. electricity is generated from the energy collected in a fluid that is heated by a solar field that concentrates solar radiation on a receiver. by means of a solar field that concentrates the solar radiation on a receiver, which can be linear or can be linear or point source. There are different solar thermal technologies, with the two most developed being the central receiver plants with a heliostat field and those with parabolic trough receivers. The former obtain higher yields, but their cost is higher. This project proposes a novel configuration of a hybrid solar thermal plant with cylindrical-parabolic parabolic trough-parabolic receiver hybrid plant is proposed in this project. The hybridisation is carried out with photovoltaic energy, and differs from the current ones in that it is integrated by feeding a heat pump, which allows to The hybridisation is carried out with photovoltaic energy, and differs from existing ones in that it is integrated by feeding a heat pump, which raises the temperature of the thermal oil in the collectors, This increases the efficiency of the plant by providing the power cycle with a temperature equivalent to that which would be obtained by means of a central receiver. The use of parabolic trough collectors reduces the cost compared to central receiver plants. central receiver plants. Both the power cycle and the heat pump are based on the Brayton supercritical CO2 cycles, which improves performance compared to Rankine cycles. The ultimate goal is to maintain similar performance to central receiver plants but at lower costs.