http://hdl.handle.net/11531/5 Tesis, Artículos, Capítulos de Libros, Papers, ... 2026-06-30T14:27:14Z http://hdl.handle.net/11531/110961 The balcony peer effect in urban political expression: A comparative two-case study from a Spanish context Martínez de Ibarreta Zorita, Carlos; Martín García, David Felipe; Arroyo Barrigüete, José Luis .; Balconies have not been fully conceptualized and analyzed as a specific political scene with their singular scope and significance and governed by their own rationale. A recent effort to reverse this abandonment has insisted on their positive contribution to free political expression and to an urban version of deliberative democracy. This article identifies the “balcony peer effect”: an endogenous mechanism whereby eye-level visibility across neighboring building façades synchronizes political signaling. This effect complicates the idea that balcony displays are purely individual acts of conviction. We argue that, in contexts marked by political polarization and a cultural preference for conflict avoidance, decisions to express (or not express) political views from one's balcony are shaped by the micro-politics of visibility among neighboring residents. Individual expression appears subject to normative pressures rooted in the anticipated judgment of “balcony peers,” with whom a minimal outward harmony is socially desirable. While our data are correlational and do not establish causality, they suggest that public expression is not solely the result of internal belief, but also a socially embedded practice. Empirically, we draw on two survey-based case studies in Madrid, Spain. The first was conducted during the 2017 Catalan crisis, when Spanish flags appeared on balconies; the second during the COVID-19 lockdown in 2020, when nightly balcony applause for healthcare workers became widespread. Our results confirm that balcony peers spur imitation in political displays, and this influence is strongest when the act contradicts the individual's own ideology. Artículos en revistas 2025-10-08T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11531/110943 Nihil Humani a me Alenium Puto Sánchez Rivas, Francisco José .; . Capítulos en libros 2026-05-11T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11531/110941 El legitimario en situación de discapacidad como titular del derecho de habitación tras la Ley 8/2021: Análisis de la reforma del Pozo Sierra, Belén En el contexto del actual problema de acceso a la vivienda, el derecho real de habitación se configura como una alternativa especialmente relevante cuando el beneficiario es una persona con discapacidad. El art. 822 CC, reformado por la Ley 8/2021, como excepción a la intangibilidad de la legítima, contempla un trato de favor hacia la donación o la atribución legal del derecho de habitación a favor del legitimario que se encuentre, en el momento del fallecimiento del causante, en situación de discapacidad con el presupuesto legal de convivencia. Este trato favorable puede generar una situación de tensión al entrar en colisión con los derechos del resto de legitimarios. En el presente estudio se valora, con la perspectiva del tiempo, una reforma que hubiera sido deseable fuera más allá de un cambio conceptual.; In the context of the current problem of access to housing, the real right of habitation is a particularly relevant legal instrument when the beneficiary is a person with a disability. Article 822, as arrended by Law 8/2021, introduces a targeted exception to the principle of the intangibility of the legitimate portion, by permitting a more favourable treatment of the donation of the right of habitation in favour of the legitimate heir who, at the time of the de cuius death, is in a situation of disability with the legal requirement of cohabitation. This favourable treatment may create tension as it conflicts with the rights of the other forced heirs. This study assesses, with the benefit of hindsight, a reform that would have been desirable beyond a conceptual change. Artículos en revistas 2026-06-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11531/110940 Uplift Pricing for Inertia and Reserve via ML-Based Frequency-Constrained Unit Commitment Olasoji, Azeez O.; Oyedokun, David T.O.; Rajabdorri, Mohammad; Sierra Aguilar, Juan Esteban; Mditshwa, Mkhutazi; Okafor, Chukwuemeka Emmanuel; Khoza, Best; Folly, Komla A. High penetration of inverter-based sources makes power systems susceptible to frequency excursions, leaving power systems short of synchronous inertia and uncompensated spinning reserve headroom. Traditional unit commitment (UC) approaches are incapable of catering to the needs of modern power systems. This paper proposes a transparent, regulator-friendly remedy that requires no real-time market redesign. A linear logistic regression surrogate, trained on 117 000 dynamic simulations, is embedded in the MILP to enforce post-fault frequency constraint. Spinning reserve headroom is remunerated through a fixed uplift tariff proportional to each generator’s marginal energy cost. Three deterministic day-ahead scenarios are compared on a real power system—La Palma (Spain): S0—reserve free; S1—tariff applied ex-post; S2—tariff co-optimised with energy. Co-optimisation (S2) increases weekly expenditure only 4.2 % relative to the cost-only baseline and is 0.2 % cheaper than the ex-post variant (S1). Fuel (operation) cost and renewable curtailment remain unchanged, depicting that the tariff does not distort the merit order. Although worst-case system inertia drops by 9 MW•s, the nadir limit binds 75 h/wk−1 versus 59 h/wk−1 in S0/S1, impeding under-frequency risk without raising RoCoF exposure. Reserve payments become less concentrated; the Gini coefficient, a measure of inequality, falls from 0.26 to 0.24, and the share captured by the three highest-earning units drops slightly to 56%. These results demonstrate that a single co-optimised uplift tariff—underpinned by an ML-based nadir constraint—thus delivers frequency security and fair cost recovery at negligible economic and operational impact, offering an immediately deployable solution for low-inertia grids.; High penetration of inverter-based sources makes power systems susceptible to frequency excursions, leaving power systems short of synchronous inertia and uncompensated spinning reserve headroom. Traditional unit commitment (UC) approaches are incapable of catering to the needs of modern power systems. This paper proposes a transparent, regulator-friendly remedy that requires no real-time market redesign. A linear logistic regression surrogate, trained on 117 000 dynamic simulations, is embedded in the MILP to enforce post-fault frequency constraint. Spinning reserve headroom is remunerated through a fixed uplift tariff proportional to each generator’s marginal energy cost. Three deterministic day-ahead scenarios are compared on a real power system—La Palma (Spain): S0—reserve free; S1—tariff applied ex-post; S2—tariff co-optimised with energy. Co-optimisation (S2) increases weekly expenditure only 4.2 % relative to the cost-only baseline and is 0.2 % cheaper than the ex-post variant (S1). Fuel (operation) cost and renewable curtailment remain unchanged, depicting that the tariff does not distort the merit order. Although worst-case system inertia drops by 9 MW•s, the nadir limit binds 75 h/wk−1 versus 59 h/wk−1 in S0/S1, impeding under-frequency risk without raising RoCoF exposure. Reserve payments become less concentrated; the Gini coefficient, a measure of inequality, falls from 0.26 to 0.24, and the share captured by the three highest-earning units drops slightly to 56%. These results demonstrate that a single co-optimised uplift tariff—underpinned by an ML-based nadir constraint—thus delivers frequency security and fair cost recovery at negligible economic and operational impact, offering an immediately deployable solution for low-inertia grids. Capítulos en libros 2026-05-26T00:00:00Z