Physical activity during pregnancy and gestational weight gain depending on pre-pregnancy body mass index: systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

El estudio analiza el impacto de la actividad física durante el embarazo sobre la ganancia de peso gestacional mediante una revisión sistemática y metaanálisis de ensayos clínicos aleatorizados. Se incluyeron 54 estudios con mujeres embarazadas, comparando grupos con intervención de actividad física frente a controles. Los resultados muestran que la actividad física reduce significativamente la ganancia de peso gestacional y el riesgo de ganancia excesiva, especialmente en intervenciones supervisadas y multicomponente. Además, las mujeres con peso normal previo al embarazo obtienen mayores beneficios. La evidencia sugiere que la actividad física es una estrategia eficaz y segura para mejorar el control del peso durante el embarazo y reducir complicaciones maternas y neonatales asociadas.

This study examined the impact of physical activity during pregnancy on gestational weight gain through a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. A total of 54 studies involving pregnant women were included, comparing intervention groups with physical activity to control groups. Results showed a significant reduction in gestational weight gain and a lower risk of excessive weight gain among women who engaged in physical activity, particularly in supervised and multicomponent interventions. Additionally, women with normal pre-pregnancy body mass index experienced greater benefits. The findings support physical activity as an effective and safe strategy to control weight gain during pregnancy and reduce associated maternal and neonatal complications.