Despacho competitivo de trenes usando modelos de equilibrio

Abstract

La liberalización de los mercados ferroviarios es un fenómeno de índole global que está afectando a la mayoría de los países desarrollados. Se trata de una evolución natural del mercado, que hasta ahora dominaban las empresas públicas correspondientes de cada nación, enfocada al aumento de la productividad y de la eficiencia de la industria ferroviaria. En Europa ha sido donde este fenómeno de liberalización ha empezado con más fuerza debido a la creación de organismos y leyes que lo propician. Tras los cánones establecidos por la directiva EC 2001/14 y EEC 91/40 relativos a la adjudicación de la capacidad de infraestructura ferroviaria, su aplicación y certificación de seguridad (aprobados por la Comisión Europea en 2006), la mayoría de los países desarrollados europeos inician un proceso de liberalización del mercado ferroviario. Es esta tendencia hacia la liberalización de las empresas públicas hacia mercados de competencia, la que hace necesario el desarrollo de modelos de equilibrio que regulen los diferentes escenarios que se plantean.

The liberalization of the railway sector is a global phenomenon that is affecting to most of the developed countries. It is about a natural trend of the railway sector, which until now was dominated by the public-owned companies from each nation, that looks forward to an increase in both the efficiency and the productivity of the railway industry. Europe is the place where this phenomenon of liberalization has started in a stronger way, because of the creation of some organizations and laws that were trying to impulse it. It was after the cannons that were established by the EC 2001/14 and EEC 91/40 commissions, which were related to the railway industry capacity, its' different applications and security certificates (proved by the European Commission in 2006), when a great part of the developed countries started their own liberalization processes for the railway sector. It was this global trend of liberalization of the public-owned companies towards competitive markets, what made it necessary to develop equilibrium models that are able to regulate the different scenarios that could appear.