Numerical and Experimental Study of the Dynamic Behaviour of a Vehicle after a Kick-Plate Excitation
Resumen
El objetivo de este proyecto fin de máster es el estudio del comportamiento dinámico de un automóvil instrumentado después de la excitación lateral producida por un ‘kick-plate’. El objetivo final es la implementación de un modelo sencillo de vehículo, con parámetros identificados, capaz de reproducir fielmente la dinámica del automóvil real. Se pretende que dicho modelo pueda utilizarse en sucesivos estudios relacionados con la estabilidad del sistema completo vehículo-más-conductor. El trabajo parte de una campaña de test realizada precedentemente en circuito. Se adquirieron las principales variables cinemáticas del vehículo a través de una Unidad de Navegación Inercial, y los sensores originales del automóvil a través de la red CAN. Además, se midieron las fuerzas y momentos ejercitados por el conductor gracias a un volante instrumentado. En primer lugar, se ha procesado los datos experimentales. Después, se ha implementado un modelo de vehículo a dos grados de libertad (ángulo de deslizamiento y velocidad de guiñada). A continuación, se ha implementado una metodología de identificación de parámetros del modelo, basada en la minimización de los errores cuadráticos medios entre las respuestas experimental y numérica. El problema de optimización se ha resuelto con un algoritmo de búsqueda exhaustiva. En primer lugar, las rigideces de deriva se han identificado para una maniobra de cambio de sentido sobre asfalto seco. Después, las características efectivas no lineares de los ejes se han identificado para una maniobra de controvolanteo después del impulso lateral del ‘kick-plate’, sobre una superficie mojada a baja adherencia. Las características efectivas no lineares de los ejes se han modelado con la Magic Formula. Los resultados muestran una óptima correlación numérico-experimental para las rigideces de deriva identificadas, y una buena correlación para las características completas no lineares. The thesis work deals with the study of the dynamic behaviour of an instrumented vehicle after a kick-plate excitation. The ultimate scope was to provide a simple vehicle model with identified parameters, able to reproduce the real vehicle dynamics for future vehicle-plus-driver stability studies. The work starts from a test campaign carried out previously in a proving ground. Vehicle kinematic quantities were acquired by using an Inertial Navigation System and CAN bus in-vehicle sensors. Forces and moments exerted by the driver were also acquired by means of an innovative ad hoc Instrumented Steering Wheel. Firstly, an accurate post-processing of the experimental data was made. Then, a 2-Degree-Of-Freedom (side-slip and yaw) single-track model was implemented. An identification method based on root-mean-square errors minimization between numerical and experimental response was coded. The optimization problem was solved by an exhaustive search approach. Initially, effective cornering stiffnesses were identified for a U turn on dry asphalt. Then, complete nonlinear effective axle characteristics were identified for a countersteering manoeuvre on wet surface after a kick-plate excitation. Nonlinear effective axle characteristics were modelled by means of Magic Formulae. The vehicle model with identified parameters was finally validated for both manoeuvres. Results show a very good numerical-vs-experimental correlation for the identified linearised characteristics and a fair correlation for the nonlinear ones.
Trabajo Fin de Máster
Numerical and Experimental Study of the Dynamic Behaviour of a Vehicle after a Kick-Plate ExcitationTitulación / Programa
The thesis work deals with the study of the dynamic behaviour of an instrumented vehicle after a kick-plate excitation. The ultimate scope was to provide a simple vehicle model with identified parameters, able to reproduce the real vehicle dynamics for future vehicle-plus-driver stability studies. The work starts from a test campaign carried out in a proving ground. Firstly, an accurate experimental data post-processing was made. Then, a 2-DoF side slip-yaw rate single-track model was implemented. An identification methodology based on errors minimization between numerical and experimental response was coded. Initially, effective cornering stiffnesses were identified for a U turn on dry asphalt. Then, complete nonlinear dynamic effective axle characteristics were identified for a countersteering manoeuvre on wet surface after a kick-plate excitation. The model with identified parameters was finally validated for both manoeuvres.Materias/ categorías / ODS
MII-M (H62-mecanica)Palabras Clave
kick-plate, modelado de la dinámica del vehículo, medidas a bordo vehículo, característica efectiva del eje, identificación de parámetros, Magic Formula, volante instrumentadokick-plate, vehicle dynamics modelling, single-track model, in-vehicle measurements, effective axle characteristics, parameters identification, Magic Formula, instrumented steering wheel