Los perdedores de la integración europea como factor clave del crecimiento del populismo: el caso de Polonia

Abstract

Este trabajo estudia la evolución de Polonia desde el punto de vista institucional, económico y electoral en el periodo de 1989 a 2015. Institucionalmente, Polonia ha experimentado la transición desde un sistema cerrado hasta su integración en la Unión Europa. Económicamente, el país se ha visto beneficiado de su nuevo papel en la economía internacional, pese a que algunos agentes económicos no se estén beneficiando de este proceso. Electoralmente, la democracia polaca está amenazada por el surgimiento de movimientos como Kukiz ’15 y la vuelta al poder de Ley y Justicia (Pis).

The present paper focuses on the institutional, economic and electoral evolution that Poland has undergone from 1989 to 2015. From an institutional perspective, Poland has gone from being a closed political system to participating in the European integration process. On the economic side, the country has benefited enormously from its new role in the international economy, although it must also be pointed out that there are still large pockets of the population that have seen few gains from the national economic growth. With regard to the electoral process, Polish democracy is currently confronted with the rise of populist movements such as Kukiz'15, but also with the possible return of the Law and Justice party to power