Delincuencia económica: análisis del perfil delictivo

Abstract

.El estudio compara características de condenados por delitos económicos, comunes y empresarios no condenados. Destaca mayor proporción de españoles entre delincuentes económicos y empresarios, con delitos fiscales como comunes en el primer grupo. Delincuentes económicos y empresarios suelen ser casados y más educados, mostrando mayor estabilidad laboral e ingresos. Persisten diferencias en factores de riesgo, consumo de drogas y problemas psicológicos. Los delincuentes económicos reciben penas más largas y frecuentes, con mayores multas. Solo el 21% de los casos de delincuencia económica involucra condenas a empresas. Se analizan perfiles psicológicos y género, resaltando mayor orientación a la dominancia social en empresarios y delincuentes comunes, y menos valores de logro en delincuentes económicos. Las mujeres condenadas muestran más antecedentes de maltrato y crisis. En ajuste penitenciario, delincuentes económicos participan más en actividades laborales, mientras que delincuentes comunes prefieren programas de tratamiento. No hay diferencias significativas en consumo de drogas, intentos de suicidio o actividades penitenciarias entre los dos grupos.

.The study compares sociodemographic, criminological, and psychological characteristics of individuals convicted of economic crimes, comparing them with common criminals and non-convicted entrepreneurs. Key findings include a higher percentage of Spaniards among economic offenders and entrepreneurs than among common criminals; common economic offenses include fraud and tax crimes; economic offenders and entrepreneurs are more likely to be married and have higher education levels; economic offenders exhibit greater job stability and income levels. Differences persist in childhood and adulthood risk factors, drug use, and psychological issues. Economic offenders receive longer and more frequent sentences with higher financial penalties. Only 21% of economic crime cases involve corporate convictions. The study also analyzes psychological profiles and gender differences among economic, common criminal, and entrepreneur convicts, highlighting higher belief in a just world among entrepreneurs and greater social dominance orientation among entrepreneurs and common criminals. Economic offenders display fewer achievement and hedonism values. Female convicts report more instances of abuse and personal crises. In terms of prison adjustment, economic offenders participate more in vocational training, while common criminals engage more in treatment programs. There are no significant differences in drug use, suicide attempts, or prison activities between the two groups.