Il Patto europeo sulla migrazione e lasilo e linsegnamento sociale della Chiesa

Abstract

El reciente Pacto Europeo sobre Migración y Asilo, aprobado en abril de 2024, reforma el actual Sistema Europeo Común de Asilo con el objetivo declarado de ofrecer un «enfoque global» de la migración y crear «procesos migratorios más rápidos y fluidos y una gobernanza más sólida de las políticas de migración y fronteras». El Pacto también quiere «reducir las rutas inseguras e irregulares y promover vías legales sostenibles y seguras para quienes necesitan protección». A pesar de estas intenciones, la legislación en su conjunto ha recibido duras críticas por parte de la amplia sociedad civil que trabaja con refugiados y migrantes, incluidas instituciones relacionadas con la Iglesia católica. Este artículo explica por qué, analizando la relación entre el nuevo pacto de la UE y los valores cristianos de la doctrina social de la Iglesia.

The European Pact on Migration and Asylum (hereinafter: the Pact) was formally adopted by the European Parliament in April and by the Council of the EU in May 2024. The package of ten legislative texts is the result of more than three years of institutional negotiations to reform and replace the different instruments included in the so-called Common European Asylum System. When it was presented by the European Commission in September 2020, the declared intention of the Pact was to provide “a comprehensive approach, bringing together policy in the areas of migration, asylum, integration and border management, recognizing that the overall effectiveness depends on progress on all fronts.” The Pact was also intended to create “faster, seamless migration processes and stronger governance of migration and borders policies, supported by modern IT systems and more effective agencies.” It aimed to “reduce unsafe and irregular routes and promote sustainable and safe legal pathways for those in need of protection” and to reflect “the reality that most migrants come to the EU through legal channels, which should be better matched to EU labor market needs.” Finally, the Pact also wanted to be a “fresh start” and to rebuild trust among Member States and European citizens, after years of inconclusive negotiations on migration issues and the obvious unwillingness or inability of Member States to implement the existing legislation.