Diseño de sistemas de control ambiental en invernaderos de producción agrícola

Abstract

Este proyecto plantea el diseño de un sistema de control ambiental en un invernadero destinado al cultivo de pimientos, regulando variables clave como la temperatura, humedad y concentración de CO₂ apoyado de una instalación fotovoltaica. El objetivo principal es optimizar las condiciones climáticas internas para aumentar la productividad del cultivo. Se analiza la viabilidad técnica y económica, considerando costes de instalación, operación y mantenimiento. Finalmente, se evalúa la rentabilidad del proyecto en función del incremento en la producción agrícola y la sostenibilidad energética.

In the current context of transformation within the agro-energy sector, environmental control systems in greenhouses emerge as a key tool to enhance agricultural productivity, reduce energy costs, and move towards more sustainable cultivation models. Among the different techniques, CO₂ regulation stands out for its ability to increase photosynthesis and optimize the yield of pepper crops in controlled environments. This study focuses on the design and analysis of a 1.8-hectare greenhouse equipped with a heating system powered by a diesel boiler and supported by photovoltaic panels. The boiler not only ensures suitable thermal conditions but also enables the injection of CO₂ into the internal environment to stimulate crop growth. Throughout the project, both technical and economic aspects are examined, ranging from system sizing and the performance of auxiliary equipment to the assessment of energy consumption and operating costs. Efficiency considerations are also included, together with a financial model that evaluates the profitability of the project based on the expected increase in agricultural production. The main objective is to demonstrate the feasibility of integrating a heating system with CO₂ regulation and photovoltaic support into a greenhouse, providing a practical framework that combines technological innovation with economic profitability.