Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Abstract

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Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a chronic functional gastrointestinal disorder affecting the large intestine, characterized by abdominal pain, altered bowel habits (diarrhea, constipation, or both), bloating, and discomfort. It lacks identifiable structural abnormalities and is often linked to visceral hypersensitivity, gut-brain axis dysfunction, microbiota imbalances, and psychological factors such as stress and anxiety. IBS affects 10–20% of the population, predominantly women, and often coexists with other conditions like fibromyalgia and depression. Diagnosis is based on symptom criteria (e.g., Rome IV), exclusion of other diseases, and various diagnostic tests.

Treatment is multifaceted and includes dietary adjustments (fiber intake, avoiding triggers), medications (antispasmodics, laxatives, antidepressants), stress management, and emerging therapies such as probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation. Physical therapy also plays a role through manual therapy, therapeutic exercise, biofeedback, and relaxation techniques. A personalized, multidisciplinary approach is essential for effective symptom management and improving quality of life.