Fecal Incontinence

Abstract

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Fecal incontinence is the involuntary loss of solid or liquid stool and is classified by the Rome III criteria as the recurrent, uncontrolled passage of fecal matter for at least three months in individuals over four years old. It is often multifactorial, involving muscle or nerve injuries, diarrhea, rectal prolapse, and childbirth-related trauma. This condition primarily affects older adults, especially women, and significantly impacts quality of life. Diagnosis involves clinical evaluation, questionnaires, and specialized tests such as manometry and endoanal ultrasound. Treatment ranges from dietary adjustments and pharmacological interventions to advanced therapies like biofeedback, pelvic floor muscle training, neuromodulation, and, in severe cases, surgery. Physiotherapy, particularly Kegel exercises and biofeedback, plays a crucial role in restoring continence and improving patient outcomes.