How is the spanish goverment approaching the energy transition?

Abstract

This thesis examines the Spanish government's approach to the energy transition within the context of its commitment to achieving carbon neutrality and enhancing energy efficiency. Utilizing a political-economic analysis framework, the study explores the interplay between policy decisions, resource allocation, and power dynamics that influence Spain's energy policies. The primary focus is on the National Integrated Energy and Climate Plan (PNIEC) and the Law on Climate Change and Energy Transition (Ley 7/2021), which set forth Spain's strategy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and increase the share of renewable energy by 2030. The research methodology includes a comprehensive review of both primary and secondary data sources, including government publications, policy documents, and scholarly articles, to assess the implementation and impacts of these policies. The analysis identifies the roles and motivations of key stakeholders, including government bodies, energy companies, and environmental groups, and evaluates how their interactions shape policy outcomes. Findings from the study indicate that while Spain has made significant strides towards its energy transition goals, there are notable challenges related to infrastructure adequacy, investment alignment, and stakeholder misalignments that could impede future progress. The study also highlights the critical role of EU directives in shaping national policies and the complexities of balancing national interests with broader EU goals. This thesis contributes to the understanding of how political and economic factors converge to influence energy policy in Spain and offers recommendations for enhancing policy coherence, stakeholder engagement, and infrastructure development to ensure the successful implementation of Spain's energy transition goals. It aims to provide valuable insights for policymakers, scholars, and industry leaders engaged in the global shift towards sustainable energy systems.