Efectos positivos de la pandemia COVID en cuidadores profesionales de personas mayores en residencias

Abstract

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Objective: This systematic review aims to critically evaluate and synthesize existing qualitative studies on interventions aimed at supporting professional caregivers in nursing homes, identifying strategies for mitigating challenges such as burnout and distress, promoting well-being and team cohesion, and highlighting areas for future research Introduction: The increasing global aging population necessitates a greater focus on eldercare services. As the demand for professional caregivers in nursing homes intensifies, it becomes crucial to address the high turnover rates and burnout among caregivers. This review seeks to provide a comprehensive understanding of effective interventions to support professional caregivers in these settings. Methods: The review followed the protocol preregistered in PROSPERO (ID: CRD42023494776) and adhered to the PRISMA guidelines. An electronic search was conducted in December 2023 across databases including PsycInfo, PubMed, and Web of Science. Studies published in languages other than English or Spanish and those published before 2000 were excluded. Eligible studies focused on psychosocial interventions targeting formal caregivers in nursing homes, employing qualitative methodologies. Results: The electronic search yielded 15,114 records, with 15 studies meeting the inclusion criteria after screening and removal of duplicates. The selected studies highlighted the positive impact of leadership on staff well-being, the enhancement of caregivers' skills and competencies, the benefits of empowerment and self-efficacy, and improvements in work climate and organizational culture. However, methodological limitations such as small sample sizes, selection bias, and lack of longitudinal data were noted. Conclusions: Effective interventions for professional caregivers in nursing homes can significantly improve caregiver well-being, job satisfaction, and retention. Future research should aim to address existing methodological limitations by including larger and more diverse samples and employing longitudinal designs. Prioritizing leadership development, continuous professional training, empowerment, and a positive organizational culture is essential for the sustainable support and development of professional caregivers in eldercare facilities.