Posted workers from and to Spain. Facts and figures

Abstract

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From a sending perspective, Spain is one of the Member States with the highest number of posted workers. In 2019, Spain was only surpassed by Germany and Poland. In 2020, however, there was a decrease (-31%) in the number of postings because of the health crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. From a receiving perspective, Spain is ranked eighth among all EU/EFTA countries. In 2020, 79,519 PDs A1 were issued for posting workers to Spain (mainly from Portugal and Germany). However, these social security data do not coincide with the data of the prior notifications tools available in the Autonomous Communities, which have been collected for the first time in Spain in the framework of the POSTING.STAT project. This report provides information on the scale, characteristics, and impact of posting to and from Spain and includes statistics on postings between 2018 and 2020. It analyses the aforementioned posting prior notifications to the Autonomous Communities, and the PDs A1 issued by the Spanish social security administration, providing new information regarding the country of origin, economic sectors involved, activity and duration of postings, with a special focus on France as receiving Member State of posted workers from Spain. The report also addresses irregular posting and presents data on the number of infringements sanctioned in Spain during the period 2018-2020, analysing some controversial cases such as the Vueling and Terra Fecundis case. Finally, it examines the implementation and impact of Directive 2014/67/EU and Directive (EU) 2018/957 in Spain.