Keywords
Derecho Penal y Criminología, alzamiento de bienes, insolvencias punibles, reforma penal, concealment of assets, fraudulent bankruptcy, penal reform
El nuevo régimen de la frustración de la ejecución y las insolvencias punibles
Abstract
La Ley Orgánica 5/2010 trajo consigo dos novedades en el ámbito de las insolvencias punibles de incuestionable relevancia: la desproporcionada -y difícilmente justificable- agravación del delito de alzamiento de bienes en el caso de deudas u obligaciones de Derecho público, y la institución de responsabilidad penal para las personas jurídicas por la comisión de los delitos comprendidos en el entonces Capítulo VII. No obstante, el alcance de estas modificaciones palidece ante la profundidad de la reforma efectuada por la Ley Orgánica 1/2015. Aunque lo más evidente es la división del anterior Capítulo VII del Título XIII en dos Capítulos (VII y VII bis) dedicados a castigar, respectivamente, las conductas de frustración de la ejecución (arts. 257 a 258 ter CP) e insolvencia punible (arts. 259 a 261 bis CP), la Ley Orgánica introdujo también cambios significativos de carácter material en las figuras integradas en cada Capítulo. El propósito de esta reflexión es presentar separadamente los rasgos principales de esta regulación, dedicando especial atención a los pronunciamientos judiciales habidos desde su entrada en vigor.
Organic Law 5/2010 brought with it two novelties in the field of punishable insolvencies of unquestionable relevance: the disproportionate -and hardly justifiable- aggravation of the crime of lifting assets in the case of debts or obligations of public law, and the institution of criminal liability for legal persons for the commission of crimes covered by then Chapter VII. However, the scope of these modifications pales before the depth of the reform carried out by Organic Law 1/2015. Although the most evident is the division of the previous Chapter VII of Title XIII into two Chapters (VII and VII bis) dedicated to punishing, respectively, the behaviors of frustration of the execution (arts. 257 to 258 ter CP) and punishable insolvency (arts 259 to 261 bis CP), the Organic Law also introduced significant changes of a material nature in the figures included in each Chapter. The purpose of this reflection is to present separately the main features of this regulation, paying special attention to the judicial pronouncements that have occurred since its entry into force.
Organic Law 5/2010 brought with it two novelties in the field of punishable insolvencies of unquestionable relevance: the disproportionate -and hardly justifiable- aggravation of the crime of lifting assets in the case of debts or obligations of public law, and the institution of criminal liability for legal persons for the commission of crimes covered by then Chapter VII. However, the scope of these modifications pales before the depth of the reform carried out by Organic Law 1/2015. Although the most evident is the division of the previous Chapter VII of Title XIII into two Chapters (VII and VII bis) dedicated to punishing, respectively, the behaviors of frustration of the execution (arts. 257 to 258 ter CP) and punishable insolvency (arts 259 to 261 bis CP), the Organic Law also introduced significant changes of a material nature in the figures included in each Chapter. The purpose of this reflection is to present separately the main features of this regulation, paying special attention to the judicial pronouncements that have occurred since its entry into force.
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