Keywords
Confinamiento, COVID-19, desigualdad social, desigualdad sanitaria, vulnerabilidad, Lockdown, COVID-19, social inequality, health inequality, vulnerability, vulnerability
Processes of socio-economic exclusion in COVID-19 infection during lockdown. The Madrid case study
Abstract
El objetivo de la investigación es determinar si el bloqueo generalizado, como estrategia de contención del contagio, ha aportado beneficios sanitarios homogéneos entre toda la población o si, por el contrario, la medida ha tenido un efecto diferencial en función del estatus socioeconómico del territorio. Para ello, se ha estudiado la relación entre determinados indicadores sociodemográficos y la evolución del brote aplicando modelos de crecimiento latente. Se trata de un estudio ecológico cuyas unidades de análisis son el total de zonas básicas de salud que componen la ciudad de Madrid (N = 134). Los resultados de los modelos de crecimiento han mostrado que tanto la educación como la edad son predictores significativos del contagio. Con respecto a la educación, se encontró que cuanto menor es el nivel educativo del barrio, mayor es la incidencia de casos de COVID-19 en la zona. Con respecto a la edad, cuanto más antigua es la zona, mayor es la incidencia. Además, también se ha observado que ambas variables mantienen una interacción significativa con la variable tiempo, lo que significa que la asociación se hace más fuerte a medida que avanza el periodo de encierro. Los resultados de la investigación muestran que el encierro generalizado ha reportado efectos diferenciales en función del estatus socioeconómico del territorio. Estos hallazgos son una evidencia clave para el replanteamiento del repertorio estratégico contra los brotes pandémicos, hacia nuevas medidas más precisas que obtengan resultados más eficientes y equitativos.
The objective of the research is to determine whether generalized lockdown, as a strategy to contain the contagion, has brought homogeneous health benefits among the entire population or whether, on the contrary, the measure has had a differential effect depending on the socioeconomic status of the territory. For this purpose, the relationship between certain sociodemographic indicators and the evolution of the outbreak has been studied by applying latent growth models. This is an ecological study whose units of analysis are the total number of basic health zones that make up the city of Madrid (N = 134). The results of the growth models have shown that both education and age are significant predictors of contagion. With regard to education, it was found that the lower the educational level of the neighborhood, the higher the incidence of COVID-19 cases in the area. With respect to age, the older the area, the higher the incidence. Furthermore, it has also been noticed that both variables sustain a significant interaction with the time variable, which means that the association becomes stronger as the period of lockdown progresses. The results of the research show that generalized lockdown has reported differential effects depending on the socioeconomic status of the territory. These findings are key evidence for the rethinking of the strategic repertoire against pandemic outbreaks, towards new, more precise measures that obtain more efficient and equitable results.
The objective of the research is to determine whether generalized lockdown, as a strategy to contain the contagion, has brought homogeneous health benefits among the entire population or whether, on the contrary, the measure has had a differential effect depending on the socioeconomic status of the territory. For this purpose, the relationship between certain sociodemographic indicators and the evolution of the outbreak has been studied by applying latent growth models. This is an ecological study whose units of analysis are the total number of basic health zones that make up the city of Madrid (N = 134). The results of the growth models have shown that both education and age are significant predictors of contagion. With regard to education, it was found that the lower the educational level of the neighborhood, the higher the incidence of COVID-19 cases in the area. With respect to age, the older the area, the higher the incidence. Furthermore, it has also been noticed that both variables sustain a significant interaction with the time variable, which means that the association becomes stronger as the period of lockdown progresses. The results of the research show that generalized lockdown has reported differential effects depending on the socioeconomic status of the territory. These findings are key evidence for the rethinking of the strategic repertoire against pandemic outbreaks, towards new, more precise measures that obtain more efficient and equitable results.
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