Keywords
IEM-E (KL0-elecrica), Baleares, enlaces, planificación, transporte, islas, HVDC, Balearic, islands, links, planning, transport, HVDC
Impacto de un enlace HDVC tipo VSC de la Península Ibérica a Mallorca
Abstract
Actualmente, Baleares cuenta con una escasa interconexión entre islas y con la península. Esto hace que los precios de la energía eléctrica y la estabilidad del suministro y el coste medioambiental de la energía sean bastante peores que en el territorio peninsular.
En este proyecto se considera aumentar la conexión HVDC con la península persiguiendo tres objetivos: Mejorar la calidad del servicio en Baleares haciendo la red insular más robusta y mallada, abaratar el precio de la energía en Baleares y reducir la emisión de contaminantes.
Se estudia el estado actual de la red balear de transporte así como de las futuras inversiones consideradas por REE en su planificación hasta 2025; la generación en las diferentes islas; y la demanda.
Para aumentar la conexión HVDC se fija la potencia por enlace a 200 MVA bajo el criterio N-1 y se consideran las combinaciones hasta 4 enlaces. En los apartados posteriores se van descartando por diferentes criterios hasta llegar a 4 combinaciones. Se hace un análisis de todos los escenarios N-2 con la demanda punta de 2025 para comprobar la efectividad de las combinaciones respecto a la estabilidad del suministro.
Del análisis de los escenarios N-2 se calculan para cada combinación las potencias de generación que debe tener cada isla para hacer frente a estos casos y se definen los cambios en la potencia instalada para cada supuesto. Se calcula también como afectaría el aumento de la conexión HVDC al mix generador.
Para comprobar el beneficio económico de las diferentes opciones se aproximan los presupuestos de éstas y el ahorro anual que reportan.
Mediante un análisis financiero de las opciones y finalmente se escoge un doble enlace Península->Ibiza y otro doble enlace Península->Mallorca. Esta opción tiene un presupuesto total de 1095,7 M€ y reporta un beneficio neto en términos de ahorro del orden de 1450M€ con un período de amortización de entre 8 y 10 años porque genera un ahorro de 123,65 M€ anuales.
Se estima que esta combinación logra una reducción de las emisiones de CO2 de un 54,7%.
Se concluye que la solución cumple los tres objetivos de robustez, ahorro y contaminación enunciados en un primer momento.
Nowadays the Balearic Islands are nearly isolated from the rest of the Spanish electric grid. The lack of connections leads to a worse generation mix more stability issues and higher prices of the energy. This project is about increasing the HVDC links with the Iberic Peninsula in order to: Improve the quality of the service given at the islands making the grid stronger and more meshed, low the prices of the generation at the Balearic Islands and reduce the CO2 emission on the islands. On first place is made an analysis of the current status of the Balearic grid and the future investments planned on it until 2025. It is followed by an analysis of the local generation and demand and a forecast of the demand. To increase the HVDC exchange capacity, the power of the links is set under the N-1 criteria at 200 MVA and all the possible configurations of 4 links or less are taken into account. After that most of the combinations are discarded under other particular criteria until there are 4 left. These 4 combinations are tested under the N-2 criteria to assure the stability of the grid in worse situations. With that results the minimum generation power in each island is calculated for each case. This is used as a constraint to reduce the generation available on the islands for each combination and to calculate changes in the generation mix. To evaluate the economic profit of each of the options some estimations about the budget and an approach for the annual savings (at 2025) are done for each option. A financial analysis is done to compare the 4 combinations left and choose one. The final option consists in a double link Peninsula->Mallorca and a double link Peninsula->Ibiza. This one has a total budget of 1095,7 M€ and results in a net benefit (net present value) of 1450 M€ with a payback period of 8 to 10 years because it generates savings of 123,65 M€ annually. This investment leads to a reduction of the CO2 tones by a 54,7%. The final conclusion is that the solution complaints with the three objectives set about the CO2 emissions, the security of the grid and the energy prices.
Nowadays the Balearic Islands are nearly isolated from the rest of the Spanish electric grid. The lack of connections leads to a worse generation mix more stability issues and higher prices of the energy. This project is about increasing the HVDC links with the Iberic Peninsula in order to: Improve the quality of the service given at the islands making the grid stronger and more meshed, low the prices of the generation at the Balearic Islands and reduce the CO2 emission on the islands. On first place is made an analysis of the current status of the Balearic grid and the future investments planned on it until 2025. It is followed by an analysis of the local generation and demand and a forecast of the demand. To increase the HVDC exchange capacity, the power of the links is set under the N-1 criteria at 200 MVA and all the possible configurations of 4 links or less are taken into account. After that most of the combinations are discarded under other particular criteria until there are 4 left. These 4 combinations are tested under the N-2 criteria to assure the stability of the grid in worse situations. With that results the minimum generation power in each island is calculated for each case. This is used as a constraint to reduce the generation available on the islands for each combination and to calculate changes in the generation mix. To evaluate the economic profit of each of the options some estimations about the budget and an approach for the annual savings (at 2025) are done for each option. A financial analysis is done to compare the 4 combinations left and choose one. The final option consists in a double link Peninsula->Mallorca and a double link Peninsula->Ibiza. This one has a total budget of 1095,7 M€ and results in a net benefit (net present value) of 1450 M€ with a payback period of 8 to 10 years because it generates savings of 123,65 M€ annually. This investment leads to a reduction of the CO2 tones by a 54,7%. The final conclusion is that the solution complaints with the three objectives set about the CO2 emissions, the security of the grid and the energy prices.
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