Framing UBI : Media and Ideological Narratives in Finland and Kenya

Abstract

This paper examines Universal basic income (UBI) as a contested idea shaped by ethical principles, policy debates, and ideological narratives. While existing research has largely focused on UBI’s economic feasibility and distributive outcomes, this study intervenes in ongoing debates by examining how media discourse constructs the legitimacy and desirability of UBI in different political contexts. Drawing on theories of justice, fairness, and media framing, the research conducts a comparative discourse analysis of media coverage in two national settings: Finland’s basic income experiment and Kenya’s long-term cash transfer programmes. Through this analysis, the study investigates how ideological, cultural, and moral narratives embedded in national media shape public imaginaries and influence support for UBI. The findings reveal that media representations of UBI are significantly shaped by political orientation and national context, with conservative sources disproportionately focusing on Finland and framing UBI in economic and sceptical terms, while liberal and Kenyan outlets emphasise welfare and ethical dimensions, portraying UBI as a tool for dignity, justice, and poverty alleviation.