Keywords
psicoterapia padres-hijos; intervención centrada en el vínculo; apego; relaciones padres-hijos., parent-infant psychotherapy; attachment-centered intervention; attachment; parent-child relationships.
Trabajar con los padres para proteger al niño: algunos elementos comunes de las intervenciones terapéuticas centradas en el vínculo
Abstract
Las intervenciones centradas en el vínculo con díadas niño-cuidador constituyen un escenario clínico con derecho propio. Esto supone la existencia de una serie de retos y oportunidades específicos vinculados al foco de la intervención y, fundamentalmente, de consideraciones respecto a la técnica que son novedosas con respecto al marco tradicional de intervención psicoanalítica. Este trabajo tiene como objetico reseñar los elementos terapéuticos comunes que definen y diferencian a dos tradiciones de intervención con díadas niño-cuidador: la terapia padres-hijos psicoanalítica y la intervención sociocomunitaria centrada en el vínculo. Los elementos terapéuticos comunes que resultan de nuestra revisión son: una consideración y un manejo específicos de la relación terapéutica con los padres; las intervenciones centradas en la mentalización; la promoción de la sensibilidad a través de la auto-observación; y la modificación de las representaciones parentales de segundo orden. Se exploran la fundamentación, implicaciones y ventajas de cada uno de estos elementos. Finalmente, se discute la relación de este paradigma clínico con el marco tradicional de intervención en psicoanálisis.
The interventions that focus on parent-child attachment relationships constitute a clinical domain in its own right. This entails the existence of a series of specific challenges and opportunities linked to the focus of the intervention and, fundamentally, considerations regarding the technique that are novel with respect to the classical framework of psychoanalytic intervention. The aim of the present paper is to review the common therapeutic elements that define and differentiate two intervention traditions with child-caregiver dyads: psychoanalytic parent-infant psychotherapy and attachment-centered family intervention programs. The common therapeutic elements that result from our review are: a specific consideration and management of the therapeutic relationship with the parents; interventions focused on mentalization; the promotion of parental sensitivity through self-observation; and the modification of second order parental representations. The rationale, implications and advantages of each of these elements are explored. Finally, the commonalities and divergences of this clinical paradigm with the classical framework of intervention in psychoanalysis are discussed.
The interventions that focus on parent-child attachment relationships constitute a clinical domain in its own right. This entails the existence of a series of specific challenges and opportunities linked to the focus of the intervention and, fundamentally, considerations regarding the technique that are novel with respect to the classical framework of psychoanalytic intervention. The aim of the present paper is to review the common therapeutic elements that define and differentiate two intervention traditions with child-caregiver dyads: psychoanalytic parent-infant psychotherapy and attachment-centered family intervention programs. The common therapeutic elements that result from our review are: a specific consideration and management of the therapeutic relationship with the parents; interventions focused on mentalization; the promotion of parental sensitivity through self-observation; and the modification of second order parental representations. The rationale, implications and advantages of each of these elements are explored. Finally, the commonalities and divergences of this clinical paradigm with the classical framework of intervention in psychoanalysis are discussed.
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