Prebiotics, Probiotics, Symbiotics and Postbiotics. Nutrition and Microbiota

Abstract

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Alterations in the gut microbiota (dysbiosis) can affect the nutritional function of the bowel and induce the development of diverse diseases, associated with a pro-inflammatory status. Probiotics are live micro-organisms (such as bacteria and yeasts) that provide health benefits when consumed. They are supplements intended to maintain or enhance the "good" bacteria (normal microbiota). Prebiotics are specialised plant fibres. They act as fertilisers that stimulate the growth of healthy bacteria in the gut. Prebiotics are found in many fruits and vegetables, especially those containing complex carbohydrates such as fibre and resistant starch. The inclusion of prebiotics and probiotics within the nutrition imply an interaction, which might impact the well-being of many organs.