Keywords
Derechos Humanos; Moralidad; Juridicidad; Actitud realista; Escepticismo., Human Rights Morality Legality Realist attitude Skepticism
¿Son verdaderos derechos los derechos humanos?
Abstract
El carácter problemático de la Declaración Universal de los Derechos Humanos (ONU, 1948) atiende, al menos, a tres órdenes: universalidad, juridicidad y (trans/post)humanidad. El objeto del presente estudio se centra en
la discutida juridicidad de los derechos humanos. De la inicial confrontación
entre axiología –o moralidad– y juridicidad se pasa a subrayar la relevancia
de la juridicidad de los derechos humanos. Seguidamente se exponen tres
hipótesis acerca de la fundamentación de los derechos humanos; a saber:
hipótesis axiológica, «juridicista» y iusrealista. Estas tres hipótesis correlacionan con las tres sensibilidades representadas por los –ismos del Derecho; a
saber: iusnaturalismo, iuspositivismo e iusrealismo. El debate en torno a la
fundamentación de los derechos humanos es muestra de responsabilidad y
compromiso y está llamado a revolverse contra la dominante indiferencia.
El Derecho como manifestación de la cultura y la actitud personal se revelan
como elementos constitutivos de la cosmovisión que se proponga adentrarse en la controvertida fundamentación de los derechos humanos.
The problematic nature of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UN, 1948) addresses, at least, three aspects: universality, legality, and (trans/post)humanity. The focus of this study is on the debated legality of human rights. From the initial confrontation between axiology – or morality – and legality, the relevance of the legality of human rights is emphasized. Three hypotheses regarding the foundation of human rights are then presented: namely, the axiological, "juridical," and iusrealist hypotheses. These three hypotheses correlate with the three sensitivities represented by the "isms" of law: namely, natural law, legal positivism, and iusrealism. The debate around the foundation of human rights is a display of responsibility and commitment, and it is meant to confront the dominant indifference. Law, as a manifestation of culture and personal attitude, is revealed as a constitutive element of the worldview that seeks to delve into the controversial foundation of human rights.
The problematic nature of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UN, 1948) addresses, at least, three aspects: universality, legality, and (trans/post)humanity. The focus of this study is on the debated legality of human rights. From the initial confrontation between axiology – or morality – and legality, the relevance of the legality of human rights is emphasized. Three hypotheses regarding the foundation of human rights are then presented: namely, the axiological, "juridical," and iusrealist hypotheses. These three hypotheses correlate with the three sensitivities represented by the "isms" of law: namely, natural law, legal positivism, and iusrealism. The debate around the foundation of human rights is a display of responsibility and commitment, and it is meant to confront the dominant indifference. Law, as a manifestation of culture and personal attitude, is revealed as a constitutive element of the worldview that seeks to delve into the controversial foundation of human rights.
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