Keywords
IEM-M (KL0-mecanica), Impresión 3D, impresora 3D, bajo coste, gran escala, prototipo, fabricación, 3D Printing, 3D printer, low cost, large format, prototype, manufacturing
Large format 3D printer
Abstract
El uso de las impresoras 3D es cada vez mayor y podemos confirmar a día de hoy que es un método muy reconocido y usado tanto por empresas como para uso personal a la hora de modelar, diseñar o incluso crear piezas que no requieren una alta resistencia. El mundo de la impresión 3D no ha parado de crecer desde que éste método de diseño apareció, y actualmente sigue desarrollando nuevos funcionamientos y usos, por ello aparece la variante de impresión 3D a gran escala.
El mayor problema de las impresoras 3D de grandes dimensiones es el coste. El precio de estas invenciones es muy elevado en comparación con las impresoras 3D de tamaño normal que hoy en día se usan tanto para uso profesional como personal. En el mercado actual no existe una impresora 3D con un volumen de impresión de 0.5x0.5x0.5m por menos de $10.000. Esto ha causado que las impresoras grandes se usen solamente para uso profesional y no individual. Por ello es claro el espacio que deja el mercado para una impresora de grandes dimensiones y coste reducido, y en este proyecto el objetivo es conseguir bajar el coste de dicha máquina para así conseguir un mayor uso. Para superar este problema se usarán materiales de bajo coste para la estructura exterior, se ahorrará en componentes electrónicos y se estudiarán a fondo todas las posibles opciones de compras a la hora de usar el presupuesto. Esto no quiere decir que la impresora vaya a ser de mala calidad, por lo contrario, quiere decir que se usara el presupuesto de manera extremadamente cuidadosa y no se gastará nada en partes que pueden funcionar correctamente con materiales más baratos. La mayor parte del presupuesto se dedicará a importar las partes más fundamentales de la máquina como los componentes de deslizamiento para la movilidad en los ejes X Y Z o el aparato de extrusión elegido.
Las impresoras grandes presentan numerosos retos excluyendo su elevado coste de construcción como es el tiempo de impresión. Al imprimir piezas de gran tamaño el proceso es extremadamente largo pudiendo llegar a impresiones de hasta mas de 30 horas de duración, pero este problema se puede resolver con numerosas opciones que se estudian a lo largo de este proyecto, como por ejemplo aumentar el flujo de plástico y así poder trabajar a mayores velocidades sacrificando un poco de calidad de acabado en casos de impresiones de muy gran tamaño.
Dado que el mercado de impresoras 3D de gran escala no está muy explotado, es un mundo con muchas posibilidades a estudiar y desarrollar y por ello uno de los motivos por los que se realizará este proyecto es el de descubrir hasta qué punto las empresas que fabrican este tipo de máquinas están multiplicando su precio para beneficio propio, y realmente cuánto presupuesto hace falta para conseguir grandes impresiones de alta calidad.
The use of 3D printers is growing every day and nowadays it is a very fast and known way for businesses or individual people to design and create models or even build parts that will be used for jobs that do not require high strength on the material. The 3D printing world has not stopped to develop since this new method of designing appeared and now it is still changing and using new ways of functioning or new possible uses you can use it for. For that the large scaled 3D printing became one of the big challenges and uses that have appeared. The biggest issue with large scale 3D printers is the Price. These inventions have a very high cost compared to the normal sized printer that people use every day professionally of individually. The price of a XXL printer on the actual market does not go below $10.000. For this, now the big printers are only used professionally in designing businesses that want to model parts, and leaves no space for personal use since the price is too high for that. This leaves a big gap in the market for a new low cost printer that can print big parts and is not as expensive as the rest. For that, the main goal is to create a large scale 3D printer using low cost materials. To take care of this issue, the printer will be designed using Solid Works and then use low cost materials in every subsystem that won’t affect the quality of the prints. Every possibility will be studied and reconsidered trying to find the cheapest option without forgetting about the high quality that we are looking for. Most of our budget will be used to take care of the most important parts of our printer like our linear motion system for the X Y Z movement or the extruder. The large 3D printers have many more challenges that have to be considered when designing it such as the printing times. When printing pieces that are this big, the printer could be working for over 30 hours, but this issue can be solved with many different answers that this project studies and talks about like rising the flow of plastic through the extruder so that the print can reach higher speeds risking a bit of its quality. Because the market has not yet explored all the possibilities that a large scaled 3D printer can offer, there is a lot of development that this project will go through trying to find out if it is true that it costs almost $10.000 to build this machine or if it is the companies that are making its Price way higher because of the lack of printers on sale.
The use of 3D printers is growing every day and nowadays it is a very fast and known way for businesses or individual people to design and create models or even build parts that will be used for jobs that do not require high strength on the material. The 3D printing world has not stopped to develop since this new method of designing appeared and now it is still changing and using new ways of functioning or new possible uses you can use it for. For that the large scaled 3D printing became one of the big challenges and uses that have appeared. The biggest issue with large scale 3D printers is the Price. These inventions have a very high cost compared to the normal sized printer that people use every day professionally of individually. The price of a XXL printer on the actual market does not go below $10.000. For this, now the big printers are only used professionally in designing businesses that want to model parts, and leaves no space for personal use since the price is too high for that. This leaves a big gap in the market for a new low cost printer that can print big parts and is not as expensive as the rest. For that, the main goal is to create a large scale 3D printer using low cost materials. To take care of this issue, the printer will be designed using Solid Works and then use low cost materials in every subsystem that won’t affect the quality of the prints. Every possibility will be studied and reconsidered trying to find the cheapest option without forgetting about the high quality that we are looking for. Most of our budget will be used to take care of the most important parts of our printer like our linear motion system for the X Y Z movement or the extruder. The large 3D printers have many more challenges that have to be considered when designing it such as the printing times. When printing pieces that are this big, the printer could be working for over 30 hours, but this issue can be solved with many different answers that this project studies and talks about like rising the flow of plastic through the extruder so that the print can reach higher speeds risking a bit of its quality. Because the market has not yet explored all the possibilities that a large scaled 3D printer can offer, there is a lot of development that this project will go through trying to find out if it is true that it costs almost $10.000 to build this machine or if it is the companies that are making its Price way higher because of the lack of printers on sale.
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