Keywords
Capitaloceno; gobernanza medioambiental global; cambio climático; sostenibilidad; ecocidio., Capitalocene; global environmental governance; climate change; sustainability; ecocide.
La gobernanza medioambiental global en el Capitaloceno: tensiones y alternativas sociopolíticas en la era de la emergencia climática
Abstract
El capítulo analiza las tensiones de la gobernanza medioambiental global en el contexto de la emergencia climática, partiendo de la aparente contradicción entre el consenso internacional sobre la necesidad de proteger el medioambiente y la persistente aceleración del cambio climático y del ecocidio. El autor sostiene que la gobernanza ambiental actual está condicionada por una visión liberal y reformista de la sostenibilidad, que reconoce el problema pero no aborda sus causas estructurales.
Frente al concepto de Antropoceno, el capítulo reivindica la utilidad del Capitaloceno para explicar la crisis ecológica como resultado del sistema capitalista global, basado en la explotación ilimitada de la naturaleza y en la primacía del crecimiento económico. Asimismo, examina el papel de los Estados, los regímenes internacionales, las organizaciones supranacionales y los actores no estatales en una gobernanza fragmentada y limitada, marcada por tensiones entre cooperación internacional, intereses nacionales y lógicas de acumulación.
El texto concluye que, aunque existen iniciativas relevantes —como la protección de bienes comunes, el Pacto Verde Europeo o la acción de movimientos sociales y ONG—, la respuesta global sigue siendo insuficiente. Por ello, plantea la necesidad urgente de superar los enfoques tecnoutópicos y de sostenibilidad superficial para construir una gobernanza medioambiental más ambiciosa, efectiva y capaz de afrontar la crisis ecológica como una cuestión central de la política internacional.
The chapter analyzes the tensions surrounding global environmental governance in the context of the climate emergency, starting from the apparent contradiction between the international consensus on the need to protect the environment and the ongoing acceleration of climate change and ecocide. The author argues that current environmental governance is shaped by a liberal and reformist understanding of sustainability, which acknowledges the problem but fails to address its structural causes. In contrast to the concept of the Anthropocene, the chapter highlights the usefulness of the Capitalocene for explaining the ecological crisis as the result of the global capitalist system, based on the unlimited exploitation of nature and the primacy of economic growth. It also examines the role of states, international regimes, supranational organizations, and non-state actors in a fragmented and limited form of governance, marked by tensions between international cooperation, national interests, and the logic of accumulation. The text concludes that, although relevant initiatives do exist — such as the protection of global commons, the European Green Deal, and the action of social movements and NGOs — the global response remains insufficient. It therefore argues for the urgent need to move beyond technoutopian approaches and superficial notions of sustainability in order to build a more ambitious and effective form of environmental governance, capable of addressing the ecological crisis as a central issue in international politics.
The chapter analyzes the tensions surrounding global environmental governance in the context of the climate emergency, starting from the apparent contradiction between the international consensus on the need to protect the environment and the ongoing acceleration of climate change and ecocide. The author argues that current environmental governance is shaped by a liberal and reformist understanding of sustainability, which acknowledges the problem but fails to address its structural causes. In contrast to the concept of the Anthropocene, the chapter highlights the usefulness of the Capitalocene for explaining the ecological crisis as the result of the global capitalist system, based on the unlimited exploitation of nature and the primacy of economic growth. It also examines the role of states, international regimes, supranational organizations, and non-state actors in a fragmented and limited form of governance, marked by tensions between international cooperation, national interests, and the logic of accumulation. The text concludes that, although relevant initiatives do exist — such as the protection of global commons, the European Green Deal, and the action of social movements and NGOs — the global response remains insufficient. It therefore argues for the urgent need to move beyond technoutopian approaches and superficial notions of sustainability in order to build a more ambitious and effective form of environmental governance, capable of addressing the ecological crisis as a central issue in international politics.
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