Keywords
SARC, Sistemas alternativos de solución de conflictos, mediación, contrato de mediación, acuerdo de mediación, ADR, Alternative dispute resolution systems, mediation, mediation contract, mediation agreement
El contrato de mediación civil y mercantil
Abstract
La mediación se ubica entre los llamados ADR (Alternative Dispute Resolution), respondiendo en castellano a las siglas MASC (Métodos Alternativos de Solución de Conflictos). MORENO CATENA haciendo referencia a estas siglas sugiere como mejor correspondencia a la letra «a» la palabra adecuados frente a la de alternativos. Con esta precisión se refleja claramente una opinión que compartimos pues la excesiva judicialización de la solución de cualquier tipo de conflicto hace que se acuda al juzgado para que el juez dé respuesta a cuestiones que van desde conflictos que no rebasan el ámbito íntimo de las personas, hasta asuntos en los que el pleito acaba erosionando las relaciones personales y comerciales que deberían perdurar en el tiempo.
Las mediación convive junto con el Arbitraje, la Negociación, la Conciliación como sistemas extrajudiciales alternativos, pero ¿alternativos a qué? nos podríamos preguntar, pues la respuesta es tan sencilla como al proceso. La mediación frente al proceso posee una serie de características distintivas que MALARET condensa en las siguientes: el proceso mira al pasado y la mediación al futuro, el proceso se centra en los hechos, la mediación en las relaciones personales, el proceso busca establecer culpas y responsabilidades, la mediación busca reestructurar la relación, el proceso termina con ganador y perdedor, la mediación termina con una solución que favorece a ambas partes, entre otras. A estas podríamos añadir otras ventajas indudables v. gr. la confidencialidad de lo manifestado en la mediación tanto por las partes como por el mediador, la no erosión de las relaciones que suelen salir desgastadas tras un proceso al haber un ganador y un perdedor, o la solución proveniente de las partes y no impuesta por un tercero lo que hace que su cumplimiento sea más fácil.
Mediation is located between the so-called ADR (Alternative Dispute Resolution), responding in Spanish to the acronym MASC (Alternative Methods of Conflict Resolution). MORENO CATENA, referring to these acronyms, suggests the word adequate as opposed to alternatives as the best correspondence to the letter «a». With this precision, an opinion that we share is clearly reflected, since the excessive judicialization of the solution of any type of conflict makes people go to court so that the judge can answer questions that range from conflicts that do not go beyond the intimate sphere of people, even matters in which the lawsuit ends up eroding personal and business relationships that should last over time. Mediation coexists with Arbitration, Negotiation, Conciliation as alternative extrajudicial systems, but alternatives to what? we could ask ourselves, because the answer is as simple as the process. Mediation against the process has a series of distinctive characteristics that MALARET condenses into the following: the process looks to the past and the mediation to the future, the process focuses on the facts, the mediation in personal relationships, the process seeks to establish blame and responsibilities, mediation seeks to restructure the relationship, the process ends with a winner and a loser, mediation ends with a solution that favors both parties, among others. To these we could add other undoubted advantages v. gr. the confidentiality of what was stated in the mediation both by the parties and by the mediator, the non-erosion of relationships that tend to be worn out after a process when there is a winner and a loser, or the solution coming from the parties and not imposed by a third party which makes compliance easier.
Mediation is located between the so-called ADR (Alternative Dispute Resolution), responding in Spanish to the acronym MASC (Alternative Methods of Conflict Resolution). MORENO CATENA, referring to these acronyms, suggests the word adequate as opposed to alternatives as the best correspondence to the letter «a». With this precision, an opinion that we share is clearly reflected, since the excessive judicialization of the solution of any type of conflict makes people go to court so that the judge can answer questions that range from conflicts that do not go beyond the intimate sphere of people, even matters in which the lawsuit ends up eroding personal and business relationships that should last over time. Mediation coexists with Arbitration, Negotiation, Conciliation as alternative extrajudicial systems, but alternatives to what? we could ask ourselves, because the answer is as simple as the process. Mediation against the process has a series of distinctive characteristics that MALARET condenses into the following: the process looks to the past and the mediation to the future, the process focuses on the facts, the mediation in personal relationships, the process seeks to establish blame and responsibilities, mediation seeks to restructure the relationship, the process ends with a winner and a loser, mediation ends with a solution that favors both parties, among others. To these we could add other undoubted advantages v. gr. the confidentiality of what was stated in the mediation both by the parties and by the mediator, the non-erosion of relationships that tend to be worn out after a process when there is a winner and a loser, or the solution coming from the parties and not imposed by a third party which makes compliance easier.
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