Keywords
IEM-M (KL0-mecanica), Exoesqueleto, estructura, patente e invención., Exoskeleton, structure, patent and invention.
Diseño de un exoesqueleto para niños con PCI.
Abstract
El proyecto tiene como motivación poder ayudar a aquellos niños que padecen paralasis cerebral infantil (PCI). Estos niños son incapaces de moverse correctamente, debido a una lesión que padecen en el cerebro, y, en consecuencia, realizan movimientos lentos, descoordinados, torpes e imprecisos. Se propone la creación de un exoesqueleto que les facilite moverse, mejorando su calidad de vida.
Se investigó en las causas y consecuencias que implica la enfermedad, para identificar qué aspectos deben aparecer en el exoesqueleto. Como objetivo central, se estudió es estado de la técnica de estas estructuras mediante el análisis de las patentes existentes que relacionaban este ámbito. Toda esta búsqueda de información permitió entender el problema y aportar soluciones al posterior diseño del exoesqueleto.
Se estudió los medios existentes que hay para proteger las ideas originales del inventor, entre ellos la patentes. Se estudió los derechos y obligaciones que implica la solicitud de la patente, pues el poder gozar de ciertos privilegios implica unas condiciones legales que se deben cumplir.
Se recogió información de las patentes existentes que tenían relación con este tipo de estructuras, para familiarizarse con estos mecanismos, centrándose en las soluciones existentes para resolver la falta de comodidad de estos aparatos ortopédicos.
AL familiarizarse con la enfermedad y los mecanismos empleados en los exoesqueletos, se realizó una invención. Es un tipo de mecanismo que permite ajustar la longitud de las características morfológicas del usuario, y especialmente en nuestro diseño que está destina para niños. También se quiso aumentar el grado de libertad del exoesqueleto, de manera que se introdujeron algunas modificaciones que permitían más rango de movimiento.
Se realizaron dos tipos de análisis, cinético y dinámico para verificar que la estructura con la invención incluida, sería capaz de seguir el movimiento propio del ser humano, además de soportar las fuerzas implicadas.
Se quiso realizar un diseño que también fuese estético. Para ello se empleó la “Ingeniería Kansei” una técnica que evoca emociones positivas en los productos diseñados. Para ello se realizó una encuesta a 150 personas aleatorias, para saber que les hacía sentir una serie de exoesqueletos con diferentes elementos o propiedades. Esta se cuantifico mediante regresiones lineales múltiples en Microsoft Excel. La finalidad era asemejar las propiedades del exoesqueleto a las necesidades subjetivas de los usuarios.
Por último, se redactó el modelo de solicitud de la patente.
The motivation of this project is to be able to help all those children that suffer from Cerebral Palsy (CP). These children are incapable of moving properly due to the injury that locates in the brain. Consequently, these children make slow, uncoordinated, clumsy and imprecise movements. This project suggests the creation of an exoskeleton, which will make easier their displacement, to improve their quality of life. There was research in the causes and consequences that involve the disease to identify all the aspects that should be included in the exoskeleton. The middlemost objective of the Project is to research the field of study of these structures through the analysis of the existent patents that involved this issue. This search of information allows to comprehend the problem and contribute with the solutions for the latest design of the exoskeleton. It was studied the different means that exists to protect the original ideas of the inventor, where the patent is included. It was also studied the rights and responsibilities that significate to request the patent, since to be awarded with certain privileges implicate to fulfil some legal conditions. Information about the exoskeletons has been compiled from the patents in order to get familiarized with the mechanisms, focusing on the ones which tried to solve the lack of comfort in this orthopedic devices. When it was familiarized with the disease and the mechanisms used in the exoskeletons an invention was done. It is a kind of mechanism that allow to adjust the length of the morphologic characteristics of the user, especially in this design which is destined to children. In addition, it was desired to increase the degree of freedom of the exoskeleton, so some modifications were introduced to allow a bigger range of movement. Two types of analysis were done, kinetic and dynamic to verify if the structure with the included invention will be able to follow the own movement of the human body and to support the forces implicated. An aesthetic design wanted to be made. For that aim, it was used the “Kansei Engineering”, a methodology that evoke the positivity of emotions in the design products. This method includes a survey that was made to 150 random people in order to know what they feel when they saw some images of exoskeleton with different elements and properties. This answer was quantified with multiples lineal regressions in Microsoft Excel. The purpose was to resemble the properties of the exoskeleton to the subjective needs of the users. At last, after the successful results got in every previous section, the patent application model was written.
The motivation of this project is to be able to help all those children that suffer from Cerebral Palsy (CP). These children are incapable of moving properly due to the injury that locates in the brain. Consequently, these children make slow, uncoordinated, clumsy and imprecise movements. This project suggests the creation of an exoskeleton, which will make easier their displacement, to improve their quality of life. There was research in the causes and consequences that involve the disease to identify all the aspects that should be included in the exoskeleton. The middlemost objective of the Project is to research the field of study of these structures through the analysis of the existent patents that involved this issue. This search of information allows to comprehend the problem and contribute with the solutions for the latest design of the exoskeleton. It was studied the different means that exists to protect the original ideas of the inventor, where the patent is included. It was also studied the rights and responsibilities that significate to request the patent, since to be awarded with certain privileges implicate to fulfil some legal conditions. Information about the exoskeletons has been compiled from the patents in order to get familiarized with the mechanisms, focusing on the ones which tried to solve the lack of comfort in this orthopedic devices. When it was familiarized with the disease and the mechanisms used in the exoskeletons an invention was done. It is a kind of mechanism that allow to adjust the length of the morphologic characteristics of the user, especially in this design which is destined to children. In addition, it was desired to increase the degree of freedom of the exoskeleton, so some modifications were introduced to allow a bigger range of movement. Two types of analysis were done, kinetic and dynamic to verify if the structure with the included invention will be able to follow the own movement of the human body and to support the forces implicated. An aesthetic design wanted to be made. For that aim, it was used the “Kansei Engineering”, a methodology that evoke the positivity of emotions in the design products. This method includes a survey that was made to 150 random people in order to know what they feel when they saw some images of exoskeleton with different elements and properties. This answer was quantified with multiples lineal regressions in Microsoft Excel. The purpose was to resemble the properties of the exoskeleton to the subjective needs of the users. At last, after the successful results got in every previous section, the patent application model was written.
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