Keywords
Principio de precaución, principio de favor libertatis, medidas restrictivas contra COVID-19, abuso de poder., Precautionary principle, libertatis favor principle, restrictive measures against COVID-19, abuse of power.
El principio de favor libertatis frente al principio de precaución como alternativa a una gestión de la pandemia limitativa de derechos
Abstract
La gestión de la pandemia del COVID-19 que han llevado a cabo la mayoría de los gobiernos occidentales ha supuesto un retroceso en las libertades individuales y un intento de doblegar a las sociedades a través de técnicas jurídicas más propias de siglos anteriores que del siglo XXI. La traducción práctica de todo ello es el ataque a las bases sobre las que se fundamenta el Estado de Derecho: el imperio de la Ley y la división de poderes. Los gobiernos, especialmente el español, ha apartado a la Ley como norma de regulación prioritaria de las medidas contra la pandemia, abusando del recurso al Decreto-ley, aun cuando no se daban los requisitos habilitantes exigidos por la Constitución española para el dictado de esa norma. Asimismo, se ha intentado menoscabar la labor del Parlamento, disminuyendo hasta límites inaceptables su actividad o su participación en la gestión de esta pandemia, lo que ha sido declarado inconstitucional por parte del Tribunal Constitucional, en el caso de España.
La apelación al principio de precaución para justificar la adopción de medidas muy restrictivas de derechos individuales de los ciudadanos no ha tenido en cuenta otros principios esenciales del Derecho que han conseguido dar frutos muy notables en los dos últimos siglos para las democracias occidentales en el terreno de los derechos y, en definitiva, de la convivencia social, como es el principio de favor libertatis.
Esta pandemia ha iniciado una deriva autoritaria muy peligrosa para la Democracia sobre la que debemos estar vigilantes de ahora en adelante.
The management of the COVID-19 pandemic that most Western governments have carried out has meant a setback in individual freedoms and an attempt to subdue societies through legal techniques more typical of previous centuries than of the 21st century. The practical translation of all this is the attack on the bases of the rule of law. The governments, especially the Spanish, have disregarded the Law as a priority regulation norm for measures against the pandemic, abusing recourse to the Decree-Law, even when the enabling requirements demanded by the Spanish Constitution for the issuance of that norm were not met. Likewise, an attempt has been made to undermine the work of Parliament, reducing its activity or participation in the management of this pandemic to unacceptable limits, which has been declared unconstitutional by the Constitutional Court, in the case of Spain. The appeal to the precautionary principle to justify the adoption of very restrictive measures of individual rights of citizens has not considered other essential principles of law that have managed to bear very notable results in the last two centuries for Western democracies in the field of rights and, ultimately, social coexistence, as is the principle of favor libertatis. This pandemic has started a very dangerous authoritarian drift for Democracy on which we must be vigilant from now on.
The management of the COVID-19 pandemic that most Western governments have carried out has meant a setback in individual freedoms and an attempt to subdue societies through legal techniques more typical of previous centuries than of the 21st century. The practical translation of all this is the attack on the bases of the rule of law. The governments, especially the Spanish, have disregarded the Law as a priority regulation norm for measures against the pandemic, abusing recourse to the Decree-Law, even when the enabling requirements demanded by the Spanish Constitution for the issuance of that norm were not met. Likewise, an attempt has been made to undermine the work of Parliament, reducing its activity or participation in the management of this pandemic to unacceptable limits, which has been declared unconstitutional by the Constitutional Court, in the case of Spain. The appeal to the precautionary principle to justify the adoption of very restrictive measures of individual rights of citizens has not considered other essential principles of law that have managed to bear very notable results in the last two centuries for Western democracies in the field of rights and, ultimately, social coexistence, as is the principle of favor libertatis. This pandemic has started a very dangerous authoritarian drift for Democracy on which we must be vigilant from now on.
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