Keywords
Aeronave, Garantía internacional, Registro internacional, Convenio de Ciudad del Cabo, Ejecución, Acreedor, Aircraft, International interest, International registry, Cape Town convention, Enforcement, Creditor
El régimen jurídico de la garantía internacional sobre aeronaves: el Convenio de Ciudad del Cabo y su problemática con el derecho español
Abstract
Este trabajo analiza el régimen jurídico de la garantía internacional sobre aeronaves en el marco del Convenio de Ciudad del Cabo y su Protocolo Aeronáutico, destacando su relevancia en la financiación y explotación de bienes aeronáuticos de alto valor económico. El Convenio establece un sistema uniforme que permite la constitución, inscripción y ejecución de garantías internacionales sobre objetos móviles, como aeronaves, motores y helicópteros, con el objetivo de reducir riesgos para los acreedores y fomentar la inversión. España se adhirió al Sistema de Ciudad del Cabo en 2013 y 2016, respectivamente, pero su implementación presenta importantes desafíos. El ordenamiento jurídico español, especialmente en el ámbito procesal, no se adapta adecuadamente a las medidas de ejecución previstas por el Convenio, lo que limita la eficacia de las garantías internacionales. La ejecución judicial obligatoria, la ausencia de títulos ejecutivos específicos y la falta de procedimientos ágiles dificultan la protección efectiva de los acreedores.
This paper analyzes the legal regime of international interests in aircraft under the framework of the Cape Town Convention and its Aircraft Protocol, highlighting its relevance in the financing and operation of high-value aeronautical assets. The Convention establishes a uniform system that enables the creation, registration, and enforcement of international interests over mobile objects such as aircraft, engines, and helicopters, with the aim of reducing risks for creditors and encouraging investment. Spain acceded to the Cape Town System in 2013 and 2016, respectively, but its implementation presents significant challenges. The Spanish legal system, particularly in the procedural domain, does not adequately adapt to the enforcement mechanisms provided by the Convention, which limits the effectiveness of international interests. The requirement for judicial enforcement, the absence of specific enforceable titles, and the lack of streamlined procedures hinder the effective protection of creditors.
This paper analyzes the legal regime of international interests in aircraft under the framework of the Cape Town Convention and its Aircraft Protocol, highlighting its relevance in the financing and operation of high-value aeronautical assets. The Convention establishes a uniform system that enables the creation, registration, and enforcement of international interests over mobile objects such as aircraft, engines, and helicopters, with the aim of reducing risks for creditors and encouraging investment. Spain acceded to the Cape Town System in 2013 and 2016, respectively, but its implementation presents significant challenges. The Spanish legal system, particularly in the procedural domain, does not adequately adapt to the enforcement mechanisms provided by the Convention, which limits the effectiveness of international interests. The requirement for judicial enforcement, the absence of specific enforceable titles, and the lack of streamlined procedures hinder the effective protection of creditors.
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