Keywords
Secaderos de tabaco, Arquitectura industrial, patrones de ladrillo, aparejo, arquitectura bioclimática, Tobacco drying sheds, Industrial Architecture, blocks patterns, rig, bioclimatic architecture
Celosías de ladrillo en los Secaderos de tabaco
Abstract
Este artículo forma parte de la tesis doctoral “ARQUITECTURA INDUSTRIAL TABACALERA EN LA ESPAÑA PENINSULAR: SECADEROS Y FÁBRICAS” desarrollada en la Universidad Politécnica en el Departamento de Ideación Gráfica Arquitectónica de la Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Madrid.
El trabajo surge del análisis de las características constructivas de la arquitectura industrial del tabaco, por tratarse de una tipología con suficiente entidad, con cierta categoría formal, y por ser un ejemplo de arquitectura bioclimática de producción en el caso de los secaderos.
El tabaco requiere para su elaboración de unos locales para el curado de la planta como paso previo a la fermentación; estos espacios son los secaderos de tabaco.
El estudio se realiza con el fin de documentar y obtener conclusiones sobre los secaderos y sobre su sistema de acondicionamiento climático específico, investigando las posibilidades arquitectónicas de los patrones de ventilación de las fachadas de los mismos.
Los secaderos de tabaco estudiados se ubican en el entorno agrario y rural del Norte de la provincia de Cáceres, así como en la zona de Talavera de la Reina en Toledo. Otros se encuentran en el casco urbano de algunos municipios, como los estudiados en Calera y Chozas, en la provincia de Toledo. Se analiza la relación de los secaderos con su situación climática.
Estudiar la estructura productiva ha sido fundamental para analizar estas construcciones, ya que el programa inicial es básico para entender la organización del espacio interior.
La exigencia de sinceridad constructiva es una característica de la arquitectura industrial, exponiendo los materiales, y exhibiéndolos en su propia naturaleza, en el modo real de ser utilizados.
Estos edificios condensan innumerables valores simbólicos, artísticos, históricos y funcionales: el patrimonio intangible.
El avanzado deterioro y abandono que están sufriendo, hace que se estén perdiendo valiosos ejemplos de arquitectura industrial de producción.
This article is part of the doctoral thesis " TOBACCO INDUSTRIAL ARCHITECTURE IN PENINSULAR SPAIN: DRYING SHEDS AND FACTORIES" developed at the Polytechnic University in the Department of Architectural Graphic Design of the School of Architecture of Madrid. The work arises from the analysis of the constructive characteristics of the industrial architecture of tobacco, as it is a typology with sufficient entity, with a certain formal category, and as it is an example of bioclimatic architecture of production in the case of drying sheds. Tobacco requires premises for the curing of the plant as a preliminary step to fermentation; these spaces are the tobacco drying sheds. The study is carried out with the aim of documenting and obtaining conclusions about the drying sheds and their specific climatic conditioning system, investigating the architectural possibilities of the ventilation patterns of the sheds' façades. The tobacco drying sheds studied are located in the agricultural and rural environment of the north of the province of Cáceres, as well as in the area of Talavera de la Reina in Toledo. Others are located in the urban areas of some municipalities, such as those studied in Calera y Chozas, in the province of Toledo. The relationship between the drying sheds and their climatic situation is analysed. Studying the productive structure has been fundamental for analysing these constructions, as the initial programme is basic for understanding the organisation of the interior space. The demand for constructive sincerity is a characteristic of industrial architecture, exposing the materials and exhibiting them in their own nature, in the real way they are used. These buildings condense countless symbolic, artistic, historical and functional values: the intangible heritage. The advanced deterioration and abandonment they are suffering, means that valuable examples of industrial production architecture are being lost
This article is part of the doctoral thesis " TOBACCO INDUSTRIAL ARCHITECTURE IN PENINSULAR SPAIN: DRYING SHEDS AND FACTORIES" developed at the Polytechnic University in the Department of Architectural Graphic Design of the School of Architecture of Madrid. The work arises from the analysis of the constructive characteristics of the industrial architecture of tobacco, as it is a typology with sufficient entity, with a certain formal category, and as it is an example of bioclimatic architecture of production in the case of drying sheds. Tobacco requires premises for the curing of the plant as a preliminary step to fermentation; these spaces are the tobacco drying sheds. The study is carried out with the aim of documenting and obtaining conclusions about the drying sheds and their specific climatic conditioning system, investigating the architectural possibilities of the ventilation patterns of the sheds' façades. The tobacco drying sheds studied are located in the agricultural and rural environment of the north of the province of Cáceres, as well as in the area of Talavera de la Reina in Toledo. Others are located in the urban areas of some municipalities, such as those studied in Calera y Chozas, in the province of Toledo. The relationship between the drying sheds and their climatic situation is analysed. Studying the productive structure has been fundamental for analysing these constructions, as the initial programme is basic for understanding the organisation of the interior space. The demand for constructive sincerity is a characteristic of industrial architecture, exposing the materials and exhibiting them in their own nature, in the real way they are used. These buildings condense countless symbolic, artistic, historical and functional values: the intangible heritage. The advanced deterioration and abandonment they are suffering, means that valuable examples of industrial production architecture are being lost
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