Keywords
IEM-M (KL0-mecanica), Desalinización; agua; osmosis; potable; purificadora, Desalination; water; osmosis; freshwater; purifier
Design of a water desalination plant
Abstract
El mundo se está enfrentando en la actualidad a una crisis de recursos en términos de agua potable. Numerosas ciudades en países desarrollados están sufriendo escasez de agua pese a estar rodeados de agua. El problema es que es agua salada.
El objetivo del proyecto en cuestión es profundizar en el campo de la desalinización de agua. Este proceso tiene el potencial de ayudar a millones de personas; desde los Californianos afectados por la sequía, hasta Ciudad del Cabo, donde el gobierno ha tenido que intervenir a causa de la escasez de agua.
Se estudiaron diversos métodos de desalinización para implementar en la plataforma a diseñar: desalinización por congelación, invernadero de agua salada, desalinización geotérmica, desalinización aviar, destiladoras solares, canal solar, destilación térmica "multiflash", proceso térmico de múltiple efecto, método de compresión de gases, osmosis inversa y electrodiálisis. Cada método fue investigado para entender el proceso y las opciones que no fueran factibles fueron descartadas. Los métodos a implementar se decidieron a través de una matriz de decisión, siendo las opciones elegidas osmosis inversa y destilación solar térmica por vacío. Éste último método fue diseñado como una combinación de varios de los mencionados anteriormente.
Our world is facing an impending crisis that many people are not even aware of. Developed cities around the globe are experiencing water shortages despite being surrounded by water. However, the water that is readily available is salt water. The goal of the Seawater Desalination Test Rig is to further research on the desalination of seawater. Desalination has the potential to help millions of people, such as drought-ridden Californians and those affected by the current water crisis in Cape Town, South Africa. Several desalinating techniques were generated through brainstorming methods to implement onto the test rig: Freezing Desalination, Seawater Greenhouse, Geothermal Desalination, Avian Desalination, Solar Still, Solar Trough, Multi-Stage Flash Distillation, Multiple Effect Distillation, Vapor Compression, Reverse Osmosis, and Electro-Dialysis Reversal. Each method was researched to understand the process and to determine the feasibility of implementing it on the test rig. The options were then narrowed down by removing the unfeasible techniques, and the remaining methods were then evaluated in a weighted decision matrix. The final methods chosen for exploration on the desalination test rig are reverse osmosis and solar thermal vacuum distillation.
Our world is facing an impending crisis that many people are not even aware of. Developed cities around the globe are experiencing water shortages despite being surrounded by water. However, the water that is readily available is salt water. The goal of the Seawater Desalination Test Rig is to further research on the desalination of seawater. Desalination has the potential to help millions of people, such as drought-ridden Californians and those affected by the current water crisis in Cape Town, South Africa. Several desalinating techniques were generated through brainstorming methods to implement onto the test rig: Freezing Desalination, Seawater Greenhouse, Geothermal Desalination, Avian Desalination, Solar Still, Solar Trough, Multi-Stage Flash Distillation, Multiple Effect Distillation, Vapor Compression, Reverse Osmosis, and Electro-Dialysis Reversal. Each method was researched to understand the process and to determine the feasibility of implementing it on the test rig. The options were then narrowed down by removing the unfeasible techniques, and the remaining methods were then evaluated in a weighted decision matrix. The final methods chosen for exploration on the desalination test rig are reverse osmosis and solar thermal vacuum distillation.
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