¿La pederastia se cura? Revisión de tratamientos y eficacia

Abstract

La pederastia es un problema social que afecta a centenares de personas, tanto a las víctimas como a las propias personas que sufren esta enfermedad. El problema actual se debe al aumento del abuso sexual infantil y la escasez de tratamientos destinados específicamente a pederastas. El objetivo principal de esta investigación es recopilar todos los tratamientos que se utilizan a nivel nacional e internacional y conocer su eficacia. Para llevar a cabo esta investigación se realizó una revisión bibliográfica consultando distintas revistas científicas y bases datos. Los resultados obtenidos muestran es que existen dos tipos predominantes de tratamientos, el tratamiento terapéutico cognitivo conductual y el tratamiento farmacológico. Se encontraron también 6 programas de tratamiento que se ofrecen en diferentes países. Tres programas dentro ámbito penitenciario y otros tres fuera del mismo, esta última opción ha sido incorporada recientemente. Los tratamientos encontrados son eficaces y pueden mejorar mucho la vida de estas personas, ya que reducen las fantasías y comportamientos sexuales. Los objetivos de estos programas están orientados a que las personas con trastorno de pedofilia no vuelvan a cometer ningún delito sexual o en el caso de no haberlo cometido, prevenir futuros delitos y, por último, que aprendan a vivir con su preferencia sexual hacia menores. Contemplando los objetivos de los programas se debería reflexionar sobre qué se está asumiendo que es curar la pederastia. Por ello, sería transcendental reformular y consensuar qué se considera curar, para poder, a partir de este término, redefinir los objetivos de una intervención destinada a tratar la pederastia, priorizando la salud mental del paciente.Pederasty is a social problem which affects hundreds of people, both the victims and the people who suffer from this disease. The current problem is due to the increase in child sexual abuse and the lack of treatments specifically aimed at pederasts. The main objective of this research is to compile all the treatments regarding this topic that are utilized nationally and internationally and discuss their effectiveness. In order to carry out this research, a bibliographical review was conducted by accessing different scientific journals and databases. The results obtained show that there are two predominant types of treatments: cognitive-behavioral therapeutic treatment, and pharmacological treatment. Additionally, six treatment programs were found, which are currently offered in different countries. Three of those programs are offered inside the penitentiary and the remaining three are given outside it. It has to be noted that the latter option has been recently incorporated. The treatments found are effective and can greatly improve the lives of these people, since they reduce fantasies and sexual behaviors. The objectives of these programs are aimed at preventing people who have a pedophilia disorder from committing any sexual crimes. Additionally, those programs are also aimed at people who have not committed any crime yet. In this situations, their main goal is to prevent future crimes and to help potential sexual criminals to learn how to live with their sexual preference towards minors. Based on the objectives of the previously mentioned programs, a reflection on what means to cure pederasty needs to be made. Therefore, it would be key to reach a consensus on what is considered to cure pederasty and, from that point, to establish the objectives of an intervention aimed at treating pedophilia, prioritizing the mental health of the patient.