Keywords
Sistema de innovación continental, América Latina, Redes de patentes, Fragmentación, Apertura, Centro periferia, Continental innovation system, Latin America, Patent network, Fragmentation, Openness, Centre periphery
A dynamic view on the Latin American innovation system at continental, national, and local level
Abstract
Los sistemas de innovación latinoamericanos se han caracterizado por su inserción periférica en los sistemas globales de conocimiento, una débil conectividad interna, expresada en una elevada fragmentación, y una orientación externa relativamente alta que, aunque facilita el acceso al conocimiento externo, inhibe el fortalecimiento de los vínculos locales. Este artículo aporta una perspectiva novedosa mediante el análisis de las interacciones de creación y apropiación de conocimiento en los niveles local, nacional y continental. Utilizando análisis de redes sociales aplicado a datos de patentes entre 1972 y 2019, los autores muestran que las características estructurales de los sistemas de innovación latinoamericanos presentan heterogeneidades según la escala geográfica analizada. Los resultados permiten discutir la fragmentación, apertura y estructura centro-periferia, así como la relativa inmadurez del sistema de innovación continental latinoamericano.
Latin American innovation systems have been widely characterized by their peripheral insertion in global knowledge systems, a weak internal connectivity, expressed in high fragmentation, and a relatively high outward orientation that, while facilitating access to external knowledge, inhibits the strengthening of local linkages. These general patterns have been identified in a rich theoretical and empirical literature based on the analysis of national and local innovation systems in Latin America. However, the literature has not yet taken a continental approach to this issue. This article sheds new light on this topic by analysing knowledge creation and knowledge appropriation interactions at local, national, and continental levels. Using social network analysis applied to patent data between 1972 and 2019, we show that the structural features of Latin American innovation systems present heterogeneities according to the geographical scale analysed.
Latin American innovation systems have been widely characterized by their peripheral insertion in global knowledge systems, a weak internal connectivity, expressed in high fragmentation, and a relatively high outward orientation that, while facilitating access to external knowledge, inhibits the strengthening of local linkages. These general patterns have been identified in a rich theoretical and empirical literature based on the analysis of national and local innovation systems in Latin America. However, the literature has not yet taken a continental approach to this issue. This article sheds new light on this topic by analysing knowledge creation and knowledge appropriation interactions at local, national, and continental levels. Using social network analysis applied to patent data between 1972 and 2019, we show that the structural features of Latin American innovation systems present heterogeneities according to the geographical scale analysed.
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