Keywords
Fake News, PSSI, legitimación pasiva, safe harbours, Fake News, PSSI, procedural standing, safe harbours,
La responsabilidad de los prestadores de servicios de almacenamiento o hosting y de los que facilitan enlaces a contenidos o instrumentos de búsqueda por las fake news creadas y difundidas por terceros
Abstract
La Ley 34/2002, de 11 de julio, de Servicios de la Sociedad de la Información y del Comercio Electrónico, norma de trasposición al ordenamiento interno de la Directiva 2000/31/CE del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo, de 8 de junio de 2000, relativa a determinadas aspectos jurídicos de los servicios de la sociedad de la información, en particular el comercio electrónico en el mercado interior; no regula un sistema propio de responsabilidad al que quedan sujetos los PSSI, sino que prevé el sometimiento de estos al régimen de responsabilidad civil, penal y administrativa establecida con carácter general en el ordenamiento jurídico. Sin embargo, incorpora un régimen de exenciones de responsabilidad (puertos seguros o safe harbours) a los que podrán acogerse −bajo la concurrencia de determinadas circunstancias−, únicamente los PSSI que tengan la consideración de intermediarios. Esta es la verdadera particularidad que presenta el régimen de responsabilidad al que quedan sujetos los PPSSI y a su estudio se dedica el presente trabajo.
En particular, se analiza la posible sujeción a estos puertos seguros o safe harbours, por un lado, de los servicios de alojamiento de datos o hosting (blogs, medios de comunicación digitales, redes sociales como Facebook, Twitter, etc.) y, por otro , de los buscadores o proveedores de enlaces (como Google, Bing, etc), reparando, muy especialmente, en los presupuestos que han de concurrir para que los citados prestadores de servicios de la sociedad de la información sean considerados como servicios de intermediación, condición esta última a la que se supedita la aplicación del régimen de exenciones de responsabilidad antes apuntado.
Law 34/2002, of July 11, 2002, on Information Society Services and Electronic Commerce, which transposes Directive 2000/31/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council, of June 8, 2000, on certain legal aspects of information society services, in particular electronic commerce in the internal market, does not regulate a specific system of liability to which ISSPs are subject, but provides for their submission to the civil, criminal and administrative liability regime established in general in the legal system. However, it incorporates a system of exemptions from liability (safe harbors or safe harbours) to which only ISSPs considered as intermediaries may be subject under certain circumstances. This is the real peculiarity of the liability regime to which ISPSPs are subject, and this paper is devoted to its study. In particular, the possible subjection to these safe harbours or safe harbours is analyzed, on the one hand, of data hosting services (blogs, digital media, social networks such as Facebook, Twitter, etc.) and, on the other hand, of data hosting services (blogs, digital media, social networks such as Facebook, Twitter, etc.) and, on the other hand, search engines or link providers (such as Google, Bing, etc.), paying special attention to the requirements that must be met for the aforementioned information society service providers to be considered as intermediation services, the latter condition being the condition to which the application of the aforementioned liability exemption regime is subject.
Law 34/2002, of July 11, 2002, on Information Society Services and Electronic Commerce, which transposes Directive 2000/31/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council, of June 8, 2000, on certain legal aspects of information society services, in particular electronic commerce in the internal market, does not regulate a specific system of liability to which ISSPs are subject, but provides for their submission to the civil, criminal and administrative liability regime established in general in the legal system. However, it incorporates a system of exemptions from liability (safe harbors or safe harbours) to which only ISSPs considered as intermediaries may be subject under certain circumstances. This is the real peculiarity of the liability regime to which ISPSPs are subject, and this paper is devoted to its study. In particular, the possible subjection to these safe harbours or safe harbours is analyzed, on the one hand, of data hosting services (blogs, digital media, social networks such as Facebook, Twitter, etc.) and, on the other hand, of data hosting services (blogs, digital media, social networks such as Facebook, Twitter, etc.) and, on the other hand, search engines or link providers (such as Google, Bing, etc.), paying special attention to the requirements that must be met for the aforementioned information society service providers to be considered as intermediation services, the latter condition being the condition to which the application of the aforementioned liability exemption regime is subject.
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