Keywords
Derecho y Menores, Proteccion infancia, violencia infancia, Childhood protection, childhood violence
La tutela procesal de la violencia contra la infancia y la adolescencia: "Análisis de la repercusión de la LOPIVI en el desarrollo del proceso penal e incidencia de la LOPIVI en la jurisdicción voluntaria y en la oposición a las resoluciones administrativ
Abstract
En este título VI de esta obra se realiza un análisis pormenorizado de los cambios que Ley Orgánica 8/2021, de 4 de junio, de protección integral a la infancia y la adolescencia frente a la violencia (LOPIVI) produce en el marco del proceso penal, así como en la jurisdicción voluntaria y en los procesos de oposición a las resoluciones administrativas en materia de protección de menores.
En relación con el proceso penal, en cuanto a su desarrollo, la LOPIVI centra su atención en el ejercicio del derecho a la exención al deber de declarar por menores de edad (excepción a la dispensa por la madurez o discapacidad del testigo, excepción a la renuncia por incompatibilidad con la posición de acusador particular e imposibilidad de renunciar cuando se ha aceptado declarar), también es de trascendental importancia el pormenorizado desarrollo regulatorio de la prueba preconstituida en fase de instrucción (generalización para los menores de 14 años y requisitos procesales que debe cumplir en todo su desarrollo) en consonancia con el respeto al principio de contradicción, así como la práctica de la prueba testifical con personas menores de edad en la fase de juicio oral, distinguiendo si existe prueba preconstituida o no y, finalmente, se analizan las modificaciones en materia de medidas cautelares en el ámbito de violencia de género.
En lo que se refiere a otras reformas procesales nos hemos centrado en la disposición final decimoquinta de la LOPIVI que modifica la Ley 15/2015, de 2 de julio, de la Jurisdicción Voluntaria, con el fin de asegurar el derecho del niño, niña y adolescente a ser escuchado en los expedientes de su interés, salvaguardando su derecho de defensa, a expresarse libremente y garantizando su intimidad.
Finalmente analizamos la disposición final novena que modifica los artículos 779 y 780 de la Ley 1/2000, de 7 de enero, de Enjuiciamiento Civil, para fijar un plazo máximo de duración de tres meses, desde su iniciación, en los procedimientos en los que se sustancie la oposición a las resoluciones administrativas en materia de protección de menores, se prevé la posibilidad de que los menores designen ellos mismos a sus defensores y se reducen los plazos del procedimiento.
In this title VI of this work, a detailed analysis is made of the changes that Organic Law 8/2021, of June 4, of integral protection of children and adolescents against violence (LOPIVI) produces in the framework of the criminal process , as well as processes in voluntary jurisdiction and in opposition to administrative decisions regarding the protection of minors. In relation to the criminal process, in terms of its development, the LOPIVI focuses its attention on the exercise of the right to exemption from the duty to testify by minors (exception to the dispensation due to the maturity or disability of the witness, exception to the resignation due to incompatibility with the position of private prosecutor and impossibility of resigning when it has been accepted to testify), the detailed regulatory development of the pre-constituted test in the investigation phase is also of transcendental importance (generalization for children under 14 years of age and procedural requirements that must comply in all its development) in accordance with respect for the principle of contradiction, as well as the practice of testimony with minors in the oral trial phase, distinguishing whether there is pre-constituted evidence or not and, finally, the modifications in the matter of precautionary measures in the field of gender violence. Regarding other procedural reforms, we have focused on the fifteenth final provision of the LOPIVI that modifies Law 15/2015, of July 2, on Voluntary Jurisdiction, in order to ensure the right of the child and adolescent to be heard in the files of their interest, safeguarding their right of defense, to express themselves freely and guaranteeing their privacy. Finally, we analyze the ninth final provision that modifies articles 779 and 780 of Law 1/2000, of January 7, on Civil Procedure, to set a maximum period of three months, from its initiation, in the procedures in which opposition to administrative decisions on the protection of minors is substantiated, the possibility of minors appointing their defenders themselves is analyzed, and the procedure time is reduced.
In this title VI of this work, a detailed analysis is made of the changes that Organic Law 8/2021, of June 4, of integral protection of children and adolescents against violence (LOPIVI) produces in the framework of the criminal process , as well as processes in voluntary jurisdiction and in opposition to administrative decisions regarding the protection of minors. In relation to the criminal process, in terms of its development, the LOPIVI focuses its attention on the exercise of the right to exemption from the duty to testify by minors (exception to the dispensation due to the maturity or disability of the witness, exception to the resignation due to incompatibility with the position of private prosecutor and impossibility of resigning when it has been accepted to testify), the detailed regulatory development of the pre-constituted test in the investigation phase is also of transcendental importance (generalization for children under 14 years of age and procedural requirements that must comply in all its development) in accordance with respect for the principle of contradiction, as well as the practice of testimony with minors in the oral trial phase, distinguishing whether there is pre-constituted evidence or not and, finally, the modifications in the matter of precautionary measures in the field of gender violence. Regarding other procedural reforms, we have focused on the fifteenth final provision of the LOPIVI that modifies Law 15/2015, of July 2, on Voluntary Jurisdiction, in order to ensure the right of the child and adolescent to be heard in the files of their interest, safeguarding their right of defense, to express themselves freely and guaranteeing their privacy. Finally, we analyze the ninth final provision that modifies articles 779 and 780 of Law 1/2000, of January 7, on Civil Procedure, to set a maximum period of three months, from its initiation, in the procedures in which opposition to administrative decisions on the protection of minors is substantiated, the possibility of minors appointing their defenders themselves is analyzed, and the procedure time is reduced.
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