A critical, integrative review on evaluating systems change and transformation, Part One: 2011–2021

Abstract

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Calls for evaluating systems change and transformation in multiple fields present an opportunity to explore cross-field patterns. This article reports on part one of a critical, integrative review of academic and gray literature published between 2011 and 2021 (n = 102) within five areas: evaluation, health, organizational change, sustainability, and philanthropy. Questions address key definitions, how a systemic approach differs from traditional social problem-solving, leverage points to influence change, and implications for evaluation. Four findings include (1) limited normative debate about change and transformation; (2) conventional and systemic approaches contrasted as binary paths; (3) 10 shared leverage areas with the least attention on power and resources; and (4) an expanded role for evaluation that presents challenges and opportunities. Review results provide support for shifts underway within the evaluation field, including funders working in deeper collaborations, evaluators expanding their skill sets, and intermediary agencies facilitating transdisciplinary exchanges.