Keywords
Adoptado adulto, Apego adulto, Edad de adopción, Cuidado institucional, Funcionamiento familiar, Diferenciación del self, Adult adoptee, Adult attachment, Age at adoption, Institutional care, Family functioning, Differentiation of self
The Relationship of Adult Attachment with Age at Adoption, Time in Institutional Care, Family Functioning and Differentiation of Self in a Sample of Adults Adopted in Spain
Abstract
El impacto a largo plazo de la adopción sobre el apego adulto está determinado por una compleja interacción entre la adversidad temprana y las experiencias relacionales y regulatorias posteriores. Este estudio examinó las asociaciones entre el apego romántico adulto (ansiedad y evitación) y la edad en el momento de la adopción, el tiempo pasado en cuidado institucional, el funcionamiento de la familia adoptiva y la diferenciación del self en una muestra de 50 adultos adoptados en España. Una mayor edad en la adopción se asoció moderadamente con una mayor evitación, mientras que el tiempo en cuidado institucional no se relacionó significativamente con el apego. Un mejor funcionamiento familiar se asoció con menor ansiedad. La diferenciación del self mostró las asociaciones más fuertes: la reactividad emocional se vinculó con mayor ansiedad y el corte emocional con mayor evitación.
The long-term impact of adoption on adult attachment is shaped by a complex interplay between early adversity and later relational and regulatory experiences. This study examined associations between adult romantic attachment (anxiety and avoidance) and age at adoption, time spent in institutional care, adoptive family functioning, and differentiation of self in a sample of 50 adults adopted in Spain (domestic and international adoptions). Participants completed a sociodemographic and adoption process questionnaire, the Experiences in Close Relationships-Spanish questionnaire, the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale-20Esp, and the Differentiation of Self Scale. Older age at adoption was moderately associated with higher attachment avoidance, whereas time spent in institutional care was not significantly related to attachment. Better adoptive family functioning, particularly greater cohesion, was moderately associated with lower attachment anxiety. Differentiation of self showed the strongest associations with attachment: emotional reactivity was linked to higher anxiety and emotional cutoff to higher avoidance.
The long-term impact of adoption on adult attachment is shaped by a complex interplay between early adversity and later relational and regulatory experiences. This study examined associations between adult romantic attachment (anxiety and avoidance) and age at adoption, time spent in institutional care, adoptive family functioning, and differentiation of self in a sample of 50 adults adopted in Spain (domestic and international adoptions). Participants completed a sociodemographic and adoption process questionnaire, the Experiences in Close Relationships-Spanish questionnaire, the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale-20Esp, and the Differentiation of Self Scale. Older age at adoption was moderately associated with higher attachment avoidance, whereas time spent in institutional care was not significantly related to attachment. Better adoptive family functioning, particularly greater cohesion, was moderately associated with lower attachment anxiety. Differentiation of self showed the strongest associations with attachment: emotional reactivity was linked to higher anxiety and emotional cutoff to higher avoidance.
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