The blackout of the Iberian Peninsula on April 28, 2025

Abstract

At 12:33 on 28th April 2025, a blackout occurred in the Iberian electricity system. Sixty million people lost the electricity supply. This is the first time in the history of the Spanish peninsular electricity system that a blackout has occurred. The most serious incidents in the peninsular system (July 1977, October 14, 1987, and August 24, 1994) never resulted in a blackout in the Iberian system. It is only comparable in continental Europe, in terms of severity, with the blackout of the Italian system on September 28, 2003. [...]