Investigating the impact of graphene-based nanomaterials on the polymerization, mechanical and biological performance of photocurable resin for stereolithography

Abstract

Background and Purpose Graphene-Based Nanomaterials (GBN), which encompass Graphene (G) and Graphene Oxide (GO), have gained recognition for their transformative impact on enhancing the mechanical properties of polymers. Despite this, their influence on biocompatibility remains a contentious issue in the scientific literature. This study aims to comprehensively investigate the intricate relationship between GBN and acrylic resin, shedding light on the origins of conflicting findings in previous research. Methods In this study, we conducted a rigorous analysis to address the gap in the literature. We reinforced an acrylic photocurable resin with both G and GO and subjected the nanocomposites to a battery of tests. These tests included an examination of compression properties, analysis of polymerization kinetics, and evaluation of biocompatibility. The experiments were designed to provide a clear understanding of the mechanical and biocompatible properties of GBN-modified acrylic resin. Results Our research yielded significant insights into the role of GBN in enhancing polymer properties. While G did not enhance mechanical performance due to a reduction in polymerization degree, GO exhibited a remarkable improvement in mechanical properties, contributing to increased strength and stiffness of the nanocomposite. Furthermore, we discovered that GBN had a substantial impact on the elution of toxic components from acrylic resin, with all nanocomposites showing the release of residual photoinitiator and monomer. This effect was more pronounced for G due to its lower polymerization degree, but it could be mitigated through an optimized washing procedure. Conclusions In summary, our findings provide valuable insights into the mechanical enhancements facilitated by GBN and its complex relationship with biocompatibility in stereolithography. By addressing the complexities related to toxic component elution, this work guides the refinement of GBN applications in biomedical contexts. This promises not only mechanical excellence but also heightened biocompatibility, ensuring safer and more effective stereolithographic processes in biomedical applications.